December is a month celebrated with a remarkable array of birthstones, offering a diverse palette of blues and purples for those born within its span. While turquoise and zircon have historically held prominence, the modern list includes blue topaz and, notably, tanzanite. For individuals born on December 29th, the designated birthstone is tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery that has quickly become a treasured gemstone for its unique coloration and limited geographical origin. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of tanzanite, providing a comprehensive overview of this captivating December birthstone.
History and Lore
Tanzanite’s story is unique among birthstones, as its discovery is remarkably recent. Unlike gems with roots in ancient civilizations, tanzanite was first identified in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania in 1967. While local Maasai tribes had known of the gem for centuries, believing its violet hues signified impending rain, its potential as a gemstone was not recognized until the discovery by Manuel d’Souza, a tailor and part-time prospector. Initially, the gem was misidentified as sapphire due to its similar coloration.
Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in popularizing tanzanite, recognizing its beauty and potential. They named it after Tanzania, the country of its origin, and launched a marketing campaign that established it as a desirable and sophisticated gemstone. This swift rise to prominence distinguishes tanzanite from many other birthstones with centuries of established lore. The gem quickly gained recognition as a symbol of transformation and new beginnings, aligning with the reflective nature often associated with the end of the year.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s geological formation is as unique as its history. It is a blue-violet variety of the mineral zoisite, a calcium aluminum silicate. The distinctive color is attributed to the presence of vanadium within the crystal structure. Crucially, tanzanite is found in only one known location worldwide: the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes significantly to its value and desirability.
The gemstone forms within a complex geological environment characterized by metamorphic rocks and intense heat and pressure. The specific conditions required for tanzanite formation are exceptionally rare, making it a truly finite resource. Mining operations in the Merelani Hills range from artisanal small-scale mining to more organized commercial ventures. The scarcity of the gem and the concentrated location of its source mean that the Tanzanian government closely regulates its mining and trade.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite exhibits a range of gemological properties that contribute to its appeal. While often described as blue-violet, its pleochroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles – is a defining characteristic. It can display shades of blue, violet, and even burgundy depending on the viewing direction and the cut of the stone.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Specific Gravity | 6.71 - 6.81 |
| Refractive Index | 1.482 - 1.488 |
| Crystal System | Triclinic |
| Cleavage | Perfect |
The hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale means tanzanite is relatively durable but requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. Its perfect cleavage makes it susceptible to breakage if struck with sufficient force. Tanzanite is typically heat-treated to enhance its blue-violet color, a common and accepted practice in the gem trade. Untreated tanzanite often exhibits a brownish hue. The clarity of tanzanite can vary, with most gems containing some inclusions, though these are often not visible to the naked eye.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While tanzanite’s history is relatively short compared to other birthstones, it has quickly accumulated symbolic meaning. It is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual awareness. The gem’s connection to the Maasai people, who believed it heralded rain and prosperity, adds to its aura of positive energy.
Modern metaphysical beliefs attribute tanzanite with the ability to facilitate communication, enhance psychic abilities, and promote a sense of calm and balance. It is believed to help overcome fear and anxiety, encouraging self-expression and authenticity. The vibrant violet hues are often linked to the crown chakra, promoting spiritual connection and enlightenment. As a December birthstone, tanzanite is thought to bestow wisdom, protection, and new beginnings upon those born in the month.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness and perfect cleavage, tanzanite requires careful handling and cleaning. Avoid exposing the gemstone to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
The recommended cleaning method involves using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gemstone to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry with a soft cloth.
It is also advisable to remove tanzanite jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when using harsh cleaning products. Storing tanzanite jewelry separately from other gemstones will help prevent scratches and damage. Regular professional inspection and cleaning by a qualified jeweler are recommended to maintain the gemstone’s brilliance and integrity.
Conclusion
Tanzanite stands as a remarkable addition to the December birthstone family. Its recent discovery, unique geological origin, captivating coloration, and growing symbolic significance have quickly established it as a highly sought-after gemstone. For those born on December 29th, tanzanite offers a beautiful and meaningful connection to the month, embodying transformation, intuition, and the promise of new beginnings. Its limited availability and increasing popularity ensure that tanzanite will remain a treasured gem for generations to come.