Those born in December are uniquely blessed with a choice of four distinct and beautiful gemstones to represent their birth month: Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz. These stones, predominantly showcasing shades of blue, offer a diverse range of aesthetic and historical significance, reflecting the cool tones of the winter season. While Turquoise holds a long-standing tradition as a December birthstone, Tanzanite has emerged as a more recent addition, discovered in the late 20th century. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and symbolism of each of these captivating gemstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back centuries, often linked to astrological beliefs and the perceived influence of planets and stars. In India, Turquoise has long been considered the birthstone for Sagittarius (November 21 to December 21), believed to possess healing properties and promote good health. Traditional Hindu practices often involve wearing birthstone rings set to ensure direct skin contact with the gem, maximizing its purported benefits.
Turquoise itself boasts a rich history, originating in the 13th century, though its use extends back much further. Its name derives from the French phrase “Turkish stone,” reflecting a historical trade route through Turkey where the gem was first introduced to Europe. Zircon, too, has a long and storied past, utilized for centuries, while Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967 and quickly popularized by Tiffany & Co. Blue Topaz, while a popular choice, represents a more modern association with the month of December.
The Geological Origins and Sources
Each of these December birthstones originates from unique geological processes and is found in specific locations around the globe. Turquoise is particularly prevalent in the southwestern regions of the United States, often incorporated into Native American traditional attire. Zircon is mined primarily in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, with some material undergoing heat treatment to achieve a desirable pastel blue hue.
Tanzanite is exceptionally rare, found in a limited geographical area around Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania – it is not known to exist anywhere else in the world. This exclusivity contributes to its value and desirability. Blue Topaz, while found in various locations, is often sourced to provide larger gemstones at more accessible price points.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appearance and value.
Turquoise: Characterized by its primary blue color, Turquoise exhibits variations in shades and transparency, ranging from translucent to opaque.
Zircon: A natural gem, often confused with cubic zirconia, Zircon displays a high refractive index, resulting in significant brilliance. It occurs in a variety of colors, with blue varieties being particularly popular. Some Zircon material is heat-treated to enhance its blue coloration. Notably, Zircon contains trace amounts of uranium and thorium, making it valuable in radiometric dating, with some specimens estimated to be 4.4 billion years old – among the oldest minerals on Earth.
Tanzanite: A transparent blue crystal, Tanzanite is typically faceted into various shapes, displaying colors ranging from blue to purple, with intensities varying from pastel to vivid, rivaling the finest sapphires. It exhibits strong pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles and under different lighting conditions. Like blue zircon, Tanzanite is commonly heat-treated to achieve its most attractive coloration.
Blue Topaz: A popular alternative to other December birthstones, Blue Topaz is available in large sizes at affordable prices. It shares a similar appearance with blue zircon, offering a vibrant blue hue.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue, varying shades | Translucent to Opaque | Historically significant, Southwestern US origin |
| Zircon | Blue, Golden, Red, Clear | Transparent | High refractive index, radiometric dating potential |
| Tanzanite | Blue, Purple | Transparent | Pleochroism, heat-treated for color enhancement |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | Transparent | Affordable, available in large sizes |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise is believed to contain healing properties, promoting wealth and good fortune to the wearer. The association of specific gemstones with zodiac signs, as practiced in India, further enhances their symbolic significance.
While specific metaphysical beliefs are not extensively detailed in the provided sources, the inherent beauty and rarity of these gems have consistently inspired feelings of serenity, protection, and the promise of new beginnings – qualities particularly resonant as the year draws to a close.
Care and Cleaning
The durability and care requirements of each December birthstone vary based on its physical properties. While detailed care instructions are not provided in the sources, general guidelines can be inferred. Turquoise, being relatively softer, requires gentle handling and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Zircon, with its good hardness, is more durable but still susceptible to scratching. Tanzanite and Blue Topaz, while relatively durable, should be cleaned with mild soap and warm water, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
December Birthstone Variations and Modern Choices
The question of “what is December’s birthstone?” doesn’t have a single answer. While Turquoise is considered the most traditional choice, Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, and Tanzanite are all recognized as official December birthstones. The choice ultimately depends on personal preference, aesthetic appeal, and desired symbolism. The sources indicate that many people ask whether the December gemstone is Blue Topaz or Turquoise, and the answer is both – December has more than one birthstone. The official color of December is blue, encompassing the various shades displayed by these gems.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz – represent a captivating spectrum of blue hues, each with its own unique history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, these gemstones offer a rich tapestry of cultural and scientific significance. Whether seeking a traditional symbol of good fortune or a modern expression of personal style, those born in December have a wealth of beautiful and meaningful options to choose from.