August boasts a trio of captivating birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. These gemstones, steeped in history and symbolism, represent the peak of summer and offer a diverse palette of colors and properties. While modern lists often highlight peridot as the most popular choice, each stone holds unique significance and appeals to different preferences. This article will explore the origins, characteristics, and lore surrounding these three August birthstones, drawing upon historical accounts and gemological data.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to the breastplate of the High Priest Aaron, which contained twelve stones representing the tribes of Israel. However, the modern birthstone list evolved over time, with various organizations updating the roster since 1912. Consequently, multiple gemstones can now be associated with each month. The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – have a combined history spanning millennia.
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. Peridot, often mistaken for emeralds in ancient times, also boasts a long and storied past. Spinel, while historically confused with ruby, has gained recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone more recently. Significant life events, such as weddings, frequently occurring in August, further elevate the importance of these stones.
Peridot: The Gem of the Sun
Peridot, the most widely recognized August birthstone, is a gem variety of the mineral olivine. Its characteristic yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue distinguishes it from other gems. Throughout history, peridot has been misidentified as topaz and emerald, a testament to its similar coloring. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, from which the name “topaz” originates, was actually a significant source of peridot.
Historically, peridot was believed to possess protective qualities, serving as a charm against nightmares and promoting peaceful sleep by balancing the mind and body. It is also associated with psychological well-being, happiness, emotional stability, and positive energy. Some even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have consisted largely of peridot.
Gemological Properties of Peridot
Peridot’s gemological properties contribute to its unique appeal:
- Mineral: Olivine
- Color: Yellowish green to olive or brownish green
- Refractive Index: 1.65 to 1.69
- Birefringence: 0.035 to 0.038
- Specific Gravity: 3.34
- Mohs Hardness: 6.5 to 7
The color variations within peridot are determined by the iron content within the gem.
Peridot Sources
Initially discovered in ancient Egypt around 2000 BC, peridot has been mined from various locations throughout history. Egypt remains a notable source, but significant deposits have also been found in Burma, the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, and China. Uniquely, peridot has even been discovered in pallasite meteorites, offering a glimpse into the origins of our solar system. The presence of peridot on the Moon and Mars further adds to its mystique.
Spinel: A Recently Appreciated Gem
Spinel, once often mistaken for ruby, has emerged as a highly sought-after gemstone in its own right. For centuries, red spinel was misidentified as ruby, particularly in historical jewelry collections. Only recently have consumers and gemologists fully appreciated spinel’s distinct qualities and vibrant colors.
Spinel exhibits a range of colors, including red, yellow-orange (rubicelle), purple (almandine), blue (sapphirine), and green (chlorospinel). Author Judy Hall attributes refreshing and renewing properties to spinel, suggesting it can restore energy after setbacks and foster humility in victory.
Sardonyx: The Original August Stone
Sardonyx, the original birthstone for August, is a variety of chalcedony composed of layers of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (black). This banded structure creates a distinctive and visually appealing gemstone. While less prominent in modern birthstone lists, sardonyx holds a significant place in the history of August birthstones, with a tradition spanning over 4,000 years.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Peridot is associated with prosperity, good health, and peace. Spinel is believed to revitalize energy and promote humility. Sardonyx is thought to offer courage, strength, and protection. These beliefs, rooted in ancient traditions and folklore, continue to resonate with those who choose to wear these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
The care and cleaning of these August birthstones vary based on their hardness and composition. Peridot, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, is relatively delicate and should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Spinel, also with a hardness of around 7, is more durable but still requires gentle handling. Sardonyx, being a form of chalcedony, is relatively tough and can be cleaned similarly to peridot. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals for all three stones.
Choosing an August Birthstone
Selecting an August birthstone is a personal decision. Peridot’s vibrant green hue makes it a popular choice, while spinel offers a wider range of colors and increasing rarity. Sardonyx, with its historical significance and banded pattern, provides a unique and classic option. Whether choosing for oneself or as a gift, considering the individual’s personality and preferences is key.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a rich tapestry of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient mines of Egypt to the depths of outer space, these gemstones have captivated humanity for millennia. Each stone offers a unique beauty and a connection to the warmth and abundance of the summer season. Their enduring appeal ensures their continued significance in the world of gemstones and as cherished symbols of August birthdays.