Aquamarine, the serene blue-green gemstone of March, and emerald, the lush green birthstone of May, both embody the renewal and vibrancy of spring. These two members of the beryl family share a geological origin yet possess distinct characteristics, histories, and symbolic meanings. This article explores the fascinating world of these spring birthstones, delving into their geological formation, historical significance, gemological properties, and enduring appeal.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months and their attributed powers dates back centuries. Birthstones, as they are known today, are believed to bestow fortunes and strengthen fortitude upon those born in their corresponding month. Aquamarine, derived from the Latin words aqua and marina meaning ‘sea water,’ has long been connected to the ocean. Ancient mariners believed the gem could calm turbulent waves and ensure safe voyages, even carving amulets of the sea god Neptune from it for protection. Its perceived medicinal properties extended to reversing poison and healing ailments of the heart, liver, stomach, mouth, and throat when water was submerged with the stone. It is also associated with safety and security when gifted to someone.
Emerald’s history is equally rich. The name “emerald” originates from the Greek word smaragdus, simply meaning “green.” Throughout history, emeralds have captivated royalty and collectors. Cleopatra, renowned for her passion for the gem, frequently wore emeralds as a symbol of power and wealth. Notable emeralds like the Chalk Emerald (37 carats), the Mogul Mughal Emerald (217 carats), and Colombia's Gachala Emerald (858 carats) stand as testaments to the gem’s enduring allure. Emeralds symbolize rebirth and are believed to grant the owner foresight, good fortune, and youth.
Geological Formation and Sources
Both aquamarine and emerald are varieties of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. While sharing the same chemical family, the presence of trace elements creates their distinct colors. Aquamarine’s blue-green hues are attributed to iron impurities within the beryl crystal structure, while emerald’s vibrant green color comes from trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium.
Aquamarine is sourced from a variety of locations worldwide. Major deposits are found in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, but significant quantities also originate from Pakistan, Kenya, Nigeria, Zambia, China, Myanmar, Russia, and Ukraine. Emeralds are primarily mined in Colombia and Zambia, with these locations producing some of the most highly prized specimens.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and emerald, while both beryl, exhibit different characteristics in terms of color, clarity, and durability.
Aquamarine:
- Color: Ranges from a light, sky-blue to a deep, sea-blue-green.
- Clarity: Typically transparent and free from inclusions, making it one of the clearer gemstones.
- Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for everyday wear.
- Chemical Formula: Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈
- Luster: Vitreous
Emerald:
- Color: Exhibits a vibrant green to greenish-blue hue.
- Clarity: Often contains inclusions, known as jardin (French for “garden”), which are considered part of the gem’s character.
- Hardness: 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale.
- Chemical Formula: Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈
- Luster: Vitreous
The durability of aquamarine, with its hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, makes it a practical choice for various jewelry settings. A bezel setting is recommended for rings to provide extra protection against impact.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine is associated with calmness, clarity, and harmony. It is believed to promote courage, reduce stress, and enhance communication. Its connection to the sea symbolizes tranquility and hope. The stone is said to restore peace and harmony, even in marriages facing difficulties.
Emerald, representing rebirth and new beginnings, is a symbol of growth and emotional clarity. It is believed to grant foresight, good fortune, and youth. The gem is also linked to faith and truth, and is considered a stone of renewal and deepening love.
Care and Cleaning
Both aquamarine and emerald require careful handling to maintain their beauty. Due to their hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, they are relatively durable, but can still be scratched by harder materials. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gemstones. Emeralds, due to their often-included nature, are particularly susceptible to damage from strong vibrations or sudden temperature changes.
Additional Notes on Tourmaline and Citrine
While the focus of this article is on aquamarine and emerald, it is worth noting other birthstones associated with spring months. Tourmaline, the October birthstone, is remarkably versatile, appearing in a dazzling array of colors. The pink variety is particularly celebrated and symbolizes love, compassion, and gentleness. Citrine, the November birthstone, is known for its warm, yellow to orange hues.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and emerald, the birthstones of March and May respectively, represent the beauty and renewal of spring. From their ancient origins and rich histories to their unique gemological properties and symbolic meanings, these gemstones continue to captivate and inspire. Whether cherished as personal adornments or gifted to loved ones, aquamarine and emerald remain timeless treasures, embodying the enduring allure of the natural world.