Birthstone rings, particularly those featuring a single gemstone, represent a timeless tradition of personal significance and celebratory gifting. These rings are more than mere adornments; they are tangible connections to heritage, belief, and individual identity. The practice of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient civilizations, who attributed remarkable powers – luck, health, and prosperity – to these natural treasures. While the specific gemstones linked to each month have evolved over time, the enduring appeal of birthstone rings remains strong. Today, a wide range of options exists, from naturally mined gems formed over millennia to laboratory-created synthetics, offering choices to suit every preference and budget. This article will explore the history, characteristics, and significance of the gemstones associated with December: Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise.
A History of December’s Gems
December boasts a unique distinction – not one, but three recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise. This tradition reflects a historical fluidity in birthstone assignments, where color often held more importance than precise mineralogical identification. In ancient times, the emphasis was on a gemstone’s hue rather than its specific composition. The modern standardization of birthstones occurred in 1912, when the Jewelers of America Association formalized a list that is widely accepted today. However, even this list allows for alternatives, with Citrine and Blue Topaz sometimes included alongside Turquoise for December.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the birthstone family, discovered relatively recently in 1967 in Tanzania. Its rapid rise in popularity demonstrates its captivating beauty and the increasing demand for unique gemstones. Turquoise, on the other hand, has a long and storied history, revered by cultures for centuries. Zircon, while less frequently discussed, also possesses a rich past and a fascinating geological origin.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three December birthstones are geographically diverse and geologically distinct. Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Its formation requires a specific combination of geological conditions, making it a remarkably rare gem. The limited source contributes to its desirability and value.
Zircon, a zirconium silicate, is found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. This widespread occurrence makes it more readily available than Tanzanite. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms through a chemical reaction between copper-rich groundwater and aluminum-rich rock. Significant sources of Turquoise include Iran, Egypt, and the southwestern United States.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its distinct appearance and characteristics. Tanzanite exhibits a captivating range of colors, including blue, purple, and green, with the most prized specimens displaying a deep blue hue with a purple shimmer. It is a member of the epidote group.
Zircon displays a high refractive index and strong dispersion, resulting in a brilliant sparkle. It occurs in a variety of colors, but the blue varieties are most commonly associated with December.
Turquoise is characterized by its opaque, often mottled, blue-green color. Its color is influenced by the presence of copper and iron. The gem typically lacks strong brilliance but possesses a distinctive waxy luster.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Calcium Aluminum Silicate (Zoisite) | Blue, Purple, Green | Not specified |
| Zircon | Zirconium Silicate | Blue, Colorless | Not specified |
| Turquoise | Hydrated Copper Aluminum Phosphate | Blue-Green | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. While these beliefs are not scientifically validated, they continue to hold significance for many. Turquoise has long been considered a sacred stone by Native American cultures, representing protection, healing, and good fortune. It was often used in ceremonial objects and jewelry.
Tanzanite, being a relatively recent discovery, has fewer deeply rooted traditional beliefs. However, it is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth. Zircon has been historically linked to prosperity and wisdom.
Tanzanite is also recognized as a 24th-year wedding anniversary gemstone, while Turquoise marks the 11th.
Modern Applications and Jewelry
Today, all three December birthstones are popular choices for jewelry, particularly in single-stone rings. Tanzanite’s vibrant color and rarity make it a sought-after gem for statement pieces. Zircon’s brilliance and affordability make it a versatile option for everyday wear. Turquoise’s unique color and cultural significance continue to appeal to those seeking a connection to tradition and artistry.
The availability of both natural and synthetic gemstones provides consumers with a range of choices. Synthetic gems, created in a laboratory, possess the same chemical, optical, and physical properties as their natural counterparts, offering an affordable and ethical alternative.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of any gemstone. Tanzanite is relatively soft and susceptible to damage from heat and harsh chemicals. It should be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Zircon is also relatively brittle and should be handled with care. Turquoise is porous and can be affected by oils and chemicals. It should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding harsh detergents.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the recent discovery of Tanzanite in Tanzania to the ancient reverence for Turquoise, these gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful connection to their birth month. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, metaphysical properties, or historical significance, these gems continue to hold a special place in the world of jewelry and personal expression.