Sapphire, a gemstone celebrated for its captivating beauty and profound symbolism, holds a distinguished place as the birthstone for September. Belonging to the corundum family, alongside ruby, sapphire presents a remarkable spectrum of colors, though it is most widely recognized and desired for its deep blue hues. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of sapphire, exploring why it remains a cherished gemstone for jewelry, particularly for commemorating special occasions.
History and Lore
The name “Sapphire” originates from the Greek word sappheiros, and the gemstone has adorned the robes and crowns of royalty and the elite since ancient medieval times. Throughout history, sapphire has been associated with virtues such as sincerity, faithfulness, and truth. Its historical significance is deeply rooted in various cultures, representing nobility, spiritual insight, and protection. While deep blue sapphire is the formal September birthstone, the gem is found in a rainbow of colors, including golden brown, yellowish-red, and velvety indigo. In ancient times, lapis lazuli was sometimes misidentified as sapphire, highlighting the historical confusion surrounding blue gemstones. Sapphire also marks the traditional gift for the 5th and 45th wedding anniversaries, signifying enduring love and commitment.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) crystal. The presence of trace elements, such as iron and titanium, creates the characteristic blue color. Red corundum is classified as ruby, while all other colors are considered “fancy colored” sapphires. These gemstones form in metamorphic and igneous rocks, requiring specific geological conditions for their creation.
Precious sapphires are found in various geographical locations, including Asia and Africa. Notable sources include Kashmir, Myanmar (Burma), Sri Lanka, and Cambodia. Deposits are also found in parts of the United States of America and Australia. The abundance of blue sapphire makes it the most accessible of the “Big Three” gemstones – sapphire, ruby, and emerald – contributing to its widespread popularity.
Gemological Properties
Sapphires are renowned for their exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, making them highly durable and suitable for everyday wear. This hardness, second only to diamond, contributes to their resistance to scratching and abrasion. Sapphires exhibit a vitreous luster and can be found in a variety of shapes and cuts, including oval, cushion, and round brilliant.
The color of a sapphire is evaluated based on its hue, tone, and saturation. While blue is the most recognized color, sapphires occur in a wide range of hues, explicitly referred to by their color, such as “purple sapphire” or “green sapphire.” The most desirable blue sapphires exhibit a vivid, intense blue color with moderate to high saturation.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Sapphires have long been attributed with metaphysical properties. Associated with illumination, communication, and protection, sapphires are believed to foster wisdom, focus, and mental clarity. Alternative September birthstones, such as lapis lazuli, share similar metaphysical properties, offering additional options for those seeking symbolic meaning in their gemstones. Aventurine, linked to the zodiac sign Virgo, is also considered an alternative, representing abundance, empathy, and creativity. Some believe aventurine is connected to the kingdom of the gods.
Sapphire for Specific Dates
While sapphire is the birthstone for the entire month of September, some sources suggest specific dates within the month may be associated with different gemstone energies. However, the primary and widely accepted birthstone for all of September remains sapphire.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their exceptional hardness, sapphires are relatively easy to care for. Routine cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone’s surface. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for untreated sapphires, but caution should be exercised with stones that have been fracture-filled or heat-treated. Regular inspection of sapphire jewelry is recommended to ensure the setting is secure and the gemstone remains free from damage.
Conclusion
Sapphire stands as a timeless and captivating gemstone, deeply intertwined with history, symbolism, and enduring beauty. As the September birthstone, it represents sincerity, faithfulness, and truth, making it a meaningful gift for those born in this month. Its remarkable hardness, vibrant colors, and widespread availability contribute to its continued popularity in the world of fine jewelry. Whether adorning a simple setting or an elaborate design, sapphire remains a cherished gemstone, embodying elegance, sophistication, and lasting value.