September is uniquely represented by a gemstone steeped in history and symbolism: the sapphire. While traditionally known for its deep blue hue, the sapphire actually encompasses a spectrum of colors, each with its own distinct appeal and meaning. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of the September birthstone, exploring both the classic blue sapphire and its more colorful counterparts.
History and Lore
The story of the sapphire stretches back millennia. The very name “sapphire” originates from the Latin sapphirus and Greek sappheiros, both meaning simply “blue” or “precious stone.” In ancient times, the deep blue color of the sapphire was highly sought after, representing the vastness of the sky. Priests and royalty, as noted in historical accounts, often wore blue sapphires believing the gemstone connected them to the heavens, offering protection and insight.
Throughout history, sapphire has been associated with truth, sincerity, and constancy. It is a stone believed to guard against evil and negative thoughts, fostering clarity and wisdom. This association with wisdom has led to sapphire being known as the “Stone of Wisdom,” representing knowledge, learning, and spiritual awakening. The gemstone is also a traditional gift for couples celebrating their 5th and 45th wedding anniversaries, with Star Sapphire reserved for the 65th.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphires are a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). The presence of trace elements within the corundum crystal structure dictates the sapphire’s color. For example, the rich blue color of the most recognizable sapphires comes from trace amounts of titanium. The more titanium present, the deeper and more saturated the blue. Pink sapphires, conversely, owe their rosy hue to the presence of chromium.
Blue sapphires are sourced from various locations around the globe. Australia is a significant source, but deposits are also found in Thailand, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and East Africa. The versatility of sapphire extends to its color variations, resulting from different trace elements mixing into the gem’s crystal structure, making each sapphire unique.
Gemological Properties
Sapphires are renowned for their durability, ranking nine on the Mohs scale of hardness. This makes them exceptionally well-suited for everyday wear, rivaled in hardness only by diamonds. A high-quality 1-carat blue sapphire can range in price from $3000 to $5000, though prices fluctuate daily.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Corundum (Aluminum Oxide - Al₂O₃) |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 |
| Color | Blue, Pink, Yellow, Green, Orange, Purple, Black |
| Luster | Vitreous (glass-like) |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Transparency | Transparent to Translucent |
While deep blue is the classic September birthstone color, sapphires are available in a wide range of hues. Pink sapphires symbolize love and romance, while yellow sapphires radiate joy and green sapphires evoke the freshness of nature.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with sapphire is rich and varied. The deep blue color represents thoughtfulness, wisdom, and depth of perception. It is a color associated with strength, trust, unity, and command. Sapphire is believed to bring confidence and serenity, balancing individuals on all levels.
Lapis Lazuli, an alternative birthstone for September, also carries significant symbolism. It is often paired with purple or turquoise colors in jewelry, and its versatility allows it to complement both silver and gold settings. Lapis Lazuli is particularly favored in men’s jewelry due to the popularity of the color blue among men.
Care and Cleaning
Sapphires are durable gemstones, but proper care is essential to maintain their brilliance. They can be effectively cleaned with a soft brush and mild soap. However, it is not advisable to let them soak in water. Harsh cleaning methods, such as steam or ultrasonic systems, and chemical solvents should be avoided.
Conclusion
The sapphire, whether in its classic deep blue or a vibrant fancy color, remains a captivating and significant gemstone. As the September birthstone, it embodies wisdom, loyalty, and truth, offering a timeless beauty and enduring symbolism. From its ancient origins to its modern-day appeal, the sapphire continues to be cherished as a symbol of strength, serenity, and enduring love.