March, the third month of the year and the harbinger of spring, is rich in symbolism. It marks the beginning of renewal and rebirth, with the vernal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. This month is also significant for its two official birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These gemstones, while distinct in appearance and properties, share a common thread of protection, strength, and historical intrigue. Each carries a unique set of meanings and has been revered across cultures for centuries.
This article explores the characteristics, history, gemological properties, cultural significance, and care instructions for aquamarine and bloodstone, drawing from the most reliable and detailed sources available. By examining both gemstones in depth, we uncover the reasons behind their enduring appeal and their roles in both historical and modern contexts.
Origins of March Birthstones
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months of the year dates back to ancient times. The earliest known references appear in the 1st century AD, where Biblical and mystical lists of 12 stones were linked to the 12 zodiac signs and the 12 months. Over time, these associations evolved, and by the 1500s, European jewelers in Germany and Poland began selling jewelry with birthstones corresponding to the wearer’s birth month. This marked the beginning of the modern birthstone tradition.
In early records, bloodstone was the sole gemstone associated with March. However, as gemology advanced and trade routes expanded, aquamarine was also included in the list of March birthstones by the 1800s. This dual designation reflects the gemstone’s growing popularity and the evolving understanding of its properties.
The standardized list of birthstones is often attributed to Tiffany & Co. in 1870, where a set of birthstone poems was published, popularizing the concept among the general public. The inclusion of both aquamarine and bloodstone in March’s list highlights the month’s duality—while aquamarine evokes the calmness and serenity of the sea, bloodstone symbolizes vitality and courage.
March Birthstone 1: Aquamarine
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a beryl mineral, a beryllium aluminum silicate with the chemical formula Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆. It is part of the beryl family, which also includes emerald, morganite, and heliodor. The color of aquamarine ranges from light sky blue to deep sea blue, with some specimens displaying a blue-green hue. This variation is due to the presence of iron impurities within the crystal lattice. The most prized aquamarines are those with a deep blue color, as these are rarer and more intensely colored.
Aquamarine is typically found in granite rock veins, where it forms in six-sided crystals. It is a relatively hard gemstone, ranking 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, making it durable enough for everyday wear. It is often faceted to showcase its clarity and brilliance.
The primary source of aquamarine is Brazil, which is known for producing some of the highest quality stones. Other notable sources include Colombia, the Ural Mountains in Russia, Madagascar, and India. In the United States, aquamarine can be found in Colorado, Maine, and North Carolina.
Aquamarine Lore and Historical Significance
Aquamarine has long been associated with the sea, and its name comes from the Latin phrase “aqua marina”, meaning “seawater.” Ancient mariners believed that aquamarine would calm the waves and protect sailors from the dangers of the sea. This belief was so strong that the gemstone was often carried on long voyages for safety and guidance.
In addition to its maritime connections, aquamarine was also believed to bring happiness in marriage and to enhance intellectual clarity. It was thought to make the wearer unconquerable and amiable, which made it a popular stone among warriors and scholars alike.
Historically, aquamarine was used in jewelry and religious artifacts, and its translucent, water-clear appearance made it a favorite for rings, necklaces, and earrings. It is also the traditional gemstone for the 18th wedding anniversary, symbolizing purity, love, and enduring relationships.
Gemological Properties
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 7.5–8 |
| Color | Light sky blue to deep sea blue; occasionally with greenish tones |
| Transparency | Transparent to slightly translucent |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Refractive Index | 1.56–1.60 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.67–2.83 |
| Luster | Vitreous (glassy) |
| Inclusions | Often free of inclusions; sometimes contains minor inclusions such as needle-like rutile |
| Cut | Faceted |
| Best Sources | Brazil, Colombia, Madagascar, Russia, USA |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine is often associated with peace, serenity, and emotional balance. It is believed to soothe the mind, reduce anxiety, and promote clarity of thought. In modern metaphysical practices, it is used to enhance communication, especially in situations requiring diplomacy or emotional intelligence.
It is also considered a stone of courage, particularly in navigating life transitions. Many people wear aquamarine to gain confidence and to face challenges with a calm and steady heart. Its connection to the sea also makes it a symbol of freedom and exploration, encouraging wearers to embrace change and seek new horizons.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its high hardness, aquamarine is durable and can be worn daily. However, it should be handled with care to avoid chipping or scratching. It is best to clean aquamarine with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth, or to use a professional ultrasonic cleaner. Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals, as these can damage the surface of the stone.
Aquamarine should be stored separately from harder gemstones, as it can be scratched by stones like diamonds or sapphires. It is also advisable to remove aquamarine jewelry during physical activities or when handling sharp objects.
March Birthstone 2: Bloodstone
Geological Formation and Sources
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a form of chalcedony, which is a microcrystalline variety of quartz. It is composed of cryptocrystalline quartz, meaning that it is made up of tiny quartz crystals that are not visible to the naked eye. Bloodstone typically appears as a deep green stone with red flecks, which are caused by iron oxide inclusions.
Bloodstone is often found embedded in rocks or as pebbles in riverbeds. It is opaque and is usually cut into cabochons to highlight its rich color and pattern. It is less hard than aquamarine, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5–7, which makes it suitable for everyday wear, though it requires more careful handling than harder gemstones.
The best sources of bloodstone include India, Brazil, and Australia. These regions produce some of the most vibrant and well-formed specimens, with deep green bodies and bright red flecks.
Bloodstone Lore and Historical Significance
Bloodstone has a long and legendary history, with religious and mythological associations. One of the most famous stories surrounding bloodstone is the legend of its formation during the crucifixion of Christ. According to tradition, when the Roman soldier pierced Christ’s side with a spear, drops of blood fell onto some pieces of dark green jasper at the foot of the cross, creating the bloodstone.
This story has contributed to the stone’s deep religious symbolism, and bloodstone has been used in Christian carvings and devotional objects for centuries. A notable example is the 1525 carving by Matteo del Nassaro, titled “The Descent from the Cross,” where the bloodstone was used to represent Christ’s wounds and blood.
In addition to its Christian associations, bloodstone has also been used in ancient medicine and martial traditions. It was believed to boost vitality, strength, and courage, and was often worn by soldiers and warriors for protection in battle. It was also thought to aid in the healing of wounds, which led to its use in bloodletting and medicinal practices.
Gemological Properties
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | SiO₂ (quartz), with iron oxide inclusions |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 6.5–7 |
| Color | Deep green with red flecks of iron oxide |
| Transparency | Opaque |
| Crystal System | Trigonal (quartz) |
| Refractive Index | 1.53–1.54 |
| Specific Gravity | 2.58–2.64 |
| Luster | Waxy to greasy |
| Cut | Cabochon |
| Best Sources | India, Brazil, Australia |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Bloodstone is often associated with strength, vitality, and courage. It is believed to revitalize the body and mind, making it a popular stone for those seeking physical and emotional resilience. In modern metaphysical practices, it is used to boost energy levels, reduce fatigue, and promote a sense of grounding and stability.
It is also considered a stone of protection, particularly for physical health and emotional well-being. Many people wear bloodstone to strengthen their immune system, improve circulation, and support recovery from illness or injury.
Bloodstone is also associated with truth and honesty, and is believed to enhance one’s ability to see clearly and make sound decisions. It is often used in decision-making and leadership roles, where clarity and confidence are essential.
Care and Cleaning
Bloodstone is relatively durable, but it requires gentle care due to its lower hardness compared to aquamarine. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth, or with a professional ultrasonic cleaner. It should be avoided from exposure to harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the stone or scratch its surface.
Bloodstone should be stored separately from harder gemstones, as it can be scratched by stones like diamonds or sapphires. It is also advisable to remove bloodstone jewelry during physical activities or when handling sharp objects to prevent chipping or damage.
The Duality of March: Aquamarine and Bloodstone
While aquamarine and bloodstone are both March birthstones, they represent two very different aspects of life. Aquamarine, with its calm, clear blue tones, symbolizes peace, serenity, and the sea, while bloodstone, with its deep green and red flecks, represents vitality, strength, and courage. This duality reflects the seasonal transition that March brings, as it marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring.
Aquamarine is often associated with emotional balance, clarity of thought, and the ability to navigate life’s challenges with grace and poise. It is a stone of communication and diplomacy, making it ideal for those who seek harmony and understanding in their relationships. It is also a stone of protection, believed to shield the wearer from harm and promote a sense of safety and security.
Bloodstone, on the other hand, is a stone of action and vitality. It is associated with physical strength, courage, and the ability to face challenges with determination and resilience. It is a stone of grounding and stability, helping the wearer to stay focused and centered in times of uncertainty. It is also a stone of truth and honesty, encouraging the wearer to speak their truth and stand firm in their beliefs.
Together, aquamarine and bloodstone form a balanced pair, representing both the mind and the body, the intellect and the will, the calm and the courageous. This duality makes them perfect companions for those born in March, as they offer both protection and inspiration, clarity and courage, and serenity and strength.
Conclusion
March, with its dual birthstones of aquamarine and bloodstone, offers a unique blend of symbolism, history, and gemological significance. These two gemstones, while different in appearance and properties, share a common theme of protection, strength, and renewal, reflecting the spirit of the month and the transition from winter to spring.
Aquamarine, with its calm blue hues and translucent clarity, is a stone of peace, serenity, and emotional balance. It is associated with the sea, the sky, and the idea of freedom and exploration, making it a favorite among travelers and dreamers. It is also a stone of protection, believed to shield the wearer from harm and promote a sense of safety and security.
Bloodstone, with its deep green body and red flecks, is a stone of vitality, courage, and strength. It is associated with physical energy, emotional resilience, and the ability to face challenges with determination and confidence. It is also a stone of truth and honesty, encouraging the wearer to speak their truth and stand firm in their beliefs.
Together, aquamarine and bloodstone form a powerful and balanced pair, representing both the mind and the body, the intellect and the will, the calm and the courageous. These gemstones are not only beautiful and valuable, but also rich in history, symbolism, and meaning, making them ideal choices for those born in March and for those who seek inspiration, protection, and strength in their daily lives.