August boasts a trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offering a diverse palette of color and symbolism. While peridot is often considered the primary August birthstone, spinel has emerged as a particularly captivating gem, prized for its brilliance, range of hues, and fascinating history. Once frequently mistaken for ruby, spinel is now celebrated as a gemstone in its own right, offering a vibrant alternative for those born in the eighth month of the year. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism of spinel, exploring its journey from historical misidentification to modern-day appreciation.
History and Lore
Spinel’s history is interwoven with that of ruby, a gem with which it was often confused for centuries. Notably, the famed “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a centerpiece of the British Imperial State Crown, is, in fact, a large spinel. This 170-carat red spinel has a rich history, having been owned by Moorish and Spanish kings before being gifted to Edward, Prince of Wales, as payment for winning a battle. By the 18th century, advancements in chemical analysis allowed for the clear distinction between spinel and ruby, finally recognizing spinel as a unique gemstone.
Other significant spinels have graced royal collections throughout history, including the Samarian Spinel, the largest known fine red spinel, which is part of the Iranian Crown Jewels, and spinels within the Russian Imperial Crown. Beyond its association with royalty, a magnetic variety of spinel known as lodestone was believed to possess healing properties. Legend has it that Cleopatra slept on a lodestone to maintain youthful-looking skin. This magnetic property, stemming from its iron content, was also historically utilized in magnetizing compass needles for navigation.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel crystallizes in the isometric system and is found in a variety of geological environments. Notable sources of spinel include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly renowned for producing spinel exhibiting arresting colors, especially hot pink and red varieties. Sri Lanka yields spinel in shades of blue, pink, and purple, often found in the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels of the Ratnapura District.
Northern Vietnam’s Luc Yen region is another significant source, producing spinel in deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue hues. More recently, in 2007, pinkish and orangy-red spinel deposits were discovered in Tanzania, adding to the gem’s global availability.
Gemological Properties
Spinel presents a remarkable range of colors, including red, pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and even black. While red spinel is often the most sought-after, rivaling the appeal of ruby, the diversity of its color palette is a defining characteristic. The gem’s brilliance and clarity contribute to its desirability.
The name “spinel” is derived from the Latin word “spina,” meaning “thorn,” referencing the gem’s characteristic crystal shape. While a detailed chemical composition and refractive index are not provided in the sources, the gem’s magnetic properties, particularly in the lodestone variety, indicate the presence of iron within its structure. This iron content also contributes to the unique green color observed in peridot, another August birthstone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Spinel is associated with a variety of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Vivid red spinel is believed to encourage harmony and symbolize vitality. It is also considered a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases. More broadly, spinel is seen as a stone of renewal, perfect for releasing stress and embracing new beginnings.
Different colors of spinel are believed to possess unique benefits. Red spinel, in particular, is linked to revitalization, while other hues may offer different energetic properties. The gem’s association with hope and longevity further enhances its positive symbolism. During the Renaissance, sardonyx, another August birthstone, was favored by public speakers for its perceived power of eloquence, and was believed to aid in attracting a spouse.
Care and Cleaning
While specific care instructions for spinel are not detailed in the provided sources, its durability suggests it can withstand regular wear. General gemstone care practices, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, are recommended. Given the gem’s potential for brilliance, regular cleaning with mild soap and warm water will help maintain its luster. Further information on cleaning and care would require additional sources.
Conclusion
Spinel has undergone a remarkable transformation in the world of gemstones. Once overshadowed by its resemblance to ruby, it has emerged as a celebrated birthstone in its own right, captivating enthusiasts with its vibrant colors, historical significance, and intriguing lore. From adorning royal crowns to being valued for its perceived healing properties, spinel’s journey reflects a rich and fascinating history. As a modern August birthstone, spinel offers a unique and beautiful alternative, embodying vitality, renewal, and a touch of regal elegance.