October boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it is represented by not one, but three captivating birthstones: pink sapphire, tourmaline, and opal. While pink sapphire has gained prominence as a modern choice, the historical and gemological significance of all three stones contributes to the rich tapestry of October’s birthstone heritage. This article will explore the origins, properties, and symbolism of these October birthstones, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the allure of these gems.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months and their corresponding astrological signs dates back centuries, evolving through various cultures and traditions. Opal, the traditional October birthstone, has a particularly long and storied past. Its name is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word upala, meaning “precious stone,” brought to the Western world from India. Ancient Romans referred to it as opalus. Throughout history, opal has inspired diverse beliefs, from Bedouins believing it contained lightning to ancient Greeks associating it with prophecy and protection. Europeans once considered it a symbol of purity, hope, and truth, and it was thought to embody the virtues of all colored stones. Opal is also traditionally given to celebrate the 14th wedding anniversary.
Pink tourmaline, while a more recent addition to the October birthstone family, also possesses a fascinating history. In the late 19th century, the Chinese Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi developed a profound fondness for pink tourmaline, acquiring nearly the entire production from California mines. Her devotion continued even after her death, as she was buried with a pink tourmaline pillow, and the remainder of her collection was crafted into intricate carvings.
Pink sapphire, a variety of the mineral corundum, has a long history of being associated with royalty and spiritual enlightenment, though its specific connection to October is more recent. The provided sources focus primarily on its modern role as a birthstone, emphasizing its aesthetic appeal and suitability for jewelry.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tourmaline’s name originates from the Sinhalese word turamali, meaning “stone of mixed color,” reflecting its remarkable ability to exhibit a wide range of hues, sometimes even within a single crystal – a phenomenon known as watermelon tourmaline. These gemstones form in distinctive prism-like crystals with long hexagonal structures. Pink tourmaline, in particular, occurs naturally and contains a diverse variety of elements.
High-quality pink tourmaline is sourced from several locations worldwide, including Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique, and various regions of West Africa. Opal’s origins are traced back to India, which initially served as the primary source for the Western world. The sources for pink sapphire are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Pink tourmaline measures 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs hardness scale, indicating good durability for everyday wear, though it is not as hard as pink sapphire. While suitable for regular use in jewelry, excessive heat can potentially damage pink tourmaline. Pink tourmaline showcases a striking pink hue with numerous variations throughout the color spectrum, ranging from light pink to reddish pink. Tourmaline crystals can also exhibit multiple colors, such as the distinctive watermelon tourmaline.
Pink sapphire, as a variety of corundum, is known for its exceptional hardness. The provided sources do not specify its exact Mohs hardness, but corundum generally ranks 9 on the scale, making it highly resistant to scratching.
Opal is characterized by its dramatic “play-of-color,” a shifting display of rainbow hues that has captivated observers for centuries. This phenomenon is what makes opal particularly valued.
The following table summarizes the available hardness data:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Pink Tourmaline | 7 - 7.5 |
| Pink Sapphire | Not Specified (Corundum typically 9) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Pink tourmaline is associated with positive attributes such as friendship, compassion, self-love, and transformation. Opal, throughout history, has been imbued with a variety of symbolic meanings, including purity, hope, truth, and the power of prophecy. While the provided sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with pink sapphire, sapphires in general are often linked to wisdom, loyalty, and nobility.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these October birthstones requires appropriate care. Pink tourmaline can be cleaned with simple soap and water to preserve its shine. Harsh chemicals should be avoided to prevent damage. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions for pink sapphire or opal, but generally, gentle cleaning with mild soap and water is recommended for most gemstones.
Market Value and Availability
The provided sources indicate that pink tourmaline is generally more affordable and easier to find than pink sapphire. Pink tourmaline’s relative abundance contributes to its accessibility. Pink sapphire, while highly valued, is often more expensive due to its greater hardness and perceived rarity. The sources do not provide specific pricing information for either gemstone. Opal’s market value and availability are not detailed in the provided materials.
Purchasing Considerations
When considering purchasing pink tourmaline jewelry, the sources recommend obtaining it from reputable retailers, both brick-and-mortar stores and online platforms like Angara and Blue Nile. Angara is specifically highlighted as offering the most extensive selection of pink tourmaline jewelry online. The sources do not offer specific purchasing advice for pink sapphire or opal.
Conclusion
October’s birthstones – pink sapphire, tourmaline, and opal – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gemstones, each with its unique history, geological origins, and symbolic significance. From the ancient lore surrounding opal to the Empress Dowager Tzu-Hsi’s passion for pink tourmaline and the modern appeal of pink sapphire, these stones offer a rich tapestry of beauty and meaning for those born in the tenth month. While pink tourmaline offers a more accessible and affordable option, the enduring allure of opal and the exceptional durability of pink sapphire ensure that all three stones remain cherished choices for jewelry and collectors alike.