Peridot, a captivating gem displaying shades of yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, holds the esteemed position of August’s primary birthstone. Often historically mistaken for emeralds or topaz, this gem boasts a unique origin story, frequently found within ancient lava flows and even originating from meteorites. Throughout history, peridot has been valued for its beauty and believed to possess healing properties, symbolizing strength, happiness, and good fortune. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of peridot is interwoven with tales of mistaken identity and royal adornment. For centuries, peridot was often confused with other green gemstones, particularly emeralds. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, from which the name “topaz” is derived, was in fact a significant source of peridot, leading to this initial misidentification. Sources indicate that the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features approximately 200 carats of gems long believed to be emeralds, but are, in reality, peridot.
Speculation even suggests that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot. This association with royalty and grandeur contributed to the gem’s enduring appeal. While sardonyx was the original August birthstone, and spinel was added as a secondary stone in 2016, peridot received its official designation as the August birthstone in 1912 when birthstones were standardized. The connection between peridot and the month of August is also fitting, as the gem’s formation often occurs in hot, volcanic conditions, mirroring the warmth of the summer month.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate mineral rich in iron and magnesium. Its formation is intrinsically linked to volcanic activity. The gem is frequently found within hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle. This unique origin explains why peridot is often associated with volcanic regions. Notable sources include ancient lava fields in Arizona and the Hawaiian Islands. The gem can also be found in meteorites, a testament to its extraterrestrial origins.
While specific mining locations beyond Arizona and Hawaii are not detailed in the provided sources, the gem’s association with volcanic environments suggests potential sources in other volcanic regions globally.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal. Its color ranges from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, a result of its iron content. On the Mohs scale of hardness, peridot registers between 6.5 and 7, making it softer than many other gemstones. This relative softness means it is not ideally suited for daily wear in rings, as it is susceptible to scratching and damage.
The sources do not provide information on peridot’s refractive index, specific gravity, or chemical formula. However, the information available highlights the importance of careful handling and storage due to its moderate hardness. Peridot is also vulnerable to thermal shock and can be damaged by some acids and even acidic perspiration.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties mentioned in the sources:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Color | Yellowish-Green to Greenish-Yellow |
| Susceptibility | Thermal Shock, Acids, Perspiration |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is widely regarded as a stone of strength, happiness, and good fortune. Wearing peridot is believed to attract wealth and promote harmony in relationships. Its connection to light is thought to inspire clear thinking and instill a sense of peace and calm.
Beyond general well-being, some sources suggest peridot possesses healing properties, impacting the liver, gallbladder, and adrenaline function. Additionally, it is believed to activate the “root chakra” and alleviate ailments related to the skin, gums, and spine. While these claims are rooted in traditional beliefs, they contribute to the gem’s enduring mystique. Peridot is also associated with the 16th wedding anniversary, making it a meaningful gift for couples celebrating this milestone.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness and susceptibility to damage, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning. Steam or ultrasonic cleaners should never be used, as they can cause thermal shock and damage the gemstone. The recommended cleaning method involves using a soft-bristle brush with mild dish soap in warm water.
Storage is also crucial. Peridot should be stored separately from gemstones with greater hardness to prevent scratching. Avoiding exposure to harsh chemicals and prolonged contact with acidic substances is also recommended to maintain the gem’s brilliance and integrity.
Conclusion
Peridot, the vibrant August birthstone, is a gem steeped in history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From its ancient origins in volcanic lava and meteorites to its association with royalty and healing properties, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Its unique yellowish-green hue and relatively soft nature necessitate careful handling, but its enduring beauty and positive symbolism make it a cherished gemstone for those born in August and beyond. The gem’s connection to warmth, light, and prosperity ensures its continued relevance as a symbol of strength, happiness, and good fortune.