For those born in March, the choice of birthstone is remarkably diverse. While aquamarine and bloodstone are recognized as the modern and traditional gems of the month, a deeper exploration reveals a rich history encompassing jasper, jade, and even gold siva-linga. The story of March birthstones reflects evolving traditions, cultural beliefs, and the availability of gemstones throughout history. This article delves into the fascinating world of these March gems, examining their geological origins, historical significance, and enduring symbolism.
A Plethora of Possibilities: Historical Origins
The designation of specific gemstones as birthstones is a practice with roots stretching back to ancient civilizations. Initially, the connection between birth months and gemstones was linked to the zodiac, with each sign associated with particular stones believed to possess specific powers. Bloodstone and jasper held prominent positions in these early associations. Jasper, in particular, was considered a March birthstone in ancient Russian, Italian, and Hebrew calendars, and was also linked to the zodiac sign of Aries, which partially falls within March. Bloodstone similarly enjoyed widespread recognition, appearing on ancient Roman, Polish, Arabic, Hebrew, and Hindu calendars as the stone for March.
However, the modern birthstone list underwent significant changes. In 1952, aquamarine was added as a primary modern birthstone for March, replacing bloodstone in some lists. This shift likely reflected both the increasing availability of aquamarine and changing consumer preferences. Beyond the Western tradition, the Tibetan calendar designated jade as the March birthstone, while the Hindu calendar revered gold siva-linga – a sacred, flesh-colored jasper variety – as the stone for the month. This demonstrates the diverse cultural interpretations surrounding birthstones and their significance.
Aquamarine: The Sea’s Embrace
Aquamarine, a variety of the mineral beryl, is celebrated for its serene hues ranging from pale sea green to sky blue. Its name, derived from the Latin “aqua marina,” translates to “seawater,” aptly describing its captivating color. Historically, aquamarine was highly valued, sometimes rivaling the esteemed emerald. Pliny the Elder, a Roman philosopher and navy commander, noted the gem’s connection to the sea, associating it with Neptune, the god of freshwater and the sea. Romans believed wearing aquamarine offered protection during sea voyages, often engraving the stone with Neptune’s trident.
Beyond maritime protection, aquamarine was considered a symbol of purity and was frequently chosen for engagement rings, representing happiness, constancy in love, and marital fidelity. It was also believed to stimulate intellect, intuition, and imagination, making it a favored gem among students and those engaged in scholarly pursuits. Aquamarine was thought to aid in controlling emotions and overcoming fears.
Bloodstone: A Stone of Courage and Sacrifice
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, presents a striking contrast to the delicate beauty of aquamarine. This deep green variety of chalcedony is characterized by its distinctive red spots, typically composed of red jasper. The name “heliotrope” originates from the Greek words “helios” (sun) and “tropos” (turn,” referring to the stone’s perceived ability to cause the sun to turn.
Throughout history, bloodstone was associated with courage, strength, and vitality. In antiquity, warriors and athletes commonly wore bloodstone, believing it would bestow bravery and enhance physical prowess. The red spots were often linked to the blood of Christ, imbuing the stone with religious significance and associating it with sacrifice and renewal. The Gregorian birthstone poem specifically references bloodstone, stating that those born in March should “wear a bloodstone to their grave.”
Jasper and Gold Siva-linga: Ancient and Sacred Stones
While aquamarine and bloodstone are the most widely recognized March birthstones today, jasper and gold siva-linga hold significant historical and cultural importance. Jasper, an opaque variety of chalcedony, was one of the earliest birthstones associated with March, appearing in numerous ancient calendars. It is believed to balance positive and negative energy, stabilizing one’s personality.
Gold siva-linga, unique to the Hindu calendar, is a variety of flesh-colored jasper streaked with brown. This stone is considered highly sacred in Hinduism and is never cut into jewelry, reflecting its profound religious significance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine forms in pegmatite veins, often alongside other beryl varieties like emerald and morganite. Significant sources include Brazil, Nigeria, Mozambique, Madagascar, Pakistan, and Russia. Bloodstone, being a variety of chalcedony, is found in volcanic and sedimentary rocks. India is a major source of bloodstone, along with Brazil, Australia, and the United States. Jasper, also a chalcedony variety, is found in a wide range of geological settings globally.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of these March birthstones vary considerably:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquamarine | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ | 7.5 - 8 | Blue, greenish-blue | Transparent |
| Bloodstone | SiO₂ | 6.5 - 7 | Dark green with red spots | Opaque |
| Jasper | SiO₂ | 6 - 6.5 | Red, yellow, brown, green, multi-colored | Opaque |
Aquamarine’s hardness makes it suitable for a variety of jewelry settings, while bloodstone and jasper, being somewhat softer, require more careful handling.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these March birthstones carries its own unique symbolism. Aquamarine represents tranquility, clarity, and courage. Bloodstone symbolizes strength, sacrifice, and vitality. Jasper is associated with grounding, protection, and balance. Gold siva-linga, deeply rooted in Hindu tradition, represents divine energy and spiritual awakening. These symbolic associations contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Aquamarine, with its relatively high hardness, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Bloodstone and jasper, being more porous, should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stones. Regular cleaning will help maintain their luster and beauty.
Conclusion
The birthstones of March offer a captivating blend of history, symbolism, and geological beauty. From the serene blue of aquamarine to the vibrant green and red of bloodstone, and the ancient significance of jasper and gold siva-linga, these gems represent a rich tapestry of cultural beliefs and enduring traditions. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their perceived metaphysical properties, or their historical significance, the March birthstones continue to hold a special place in the hearts of those born under the sign of the ram or the fish.