Aquamarine and bloodstone serve as the birthstones for March, each possessing a distinct allure and historical significance. While bloodstone represents health and strength, aquamarine evokes the serenity of the sea, symbolizing purity and tranquility. This article will focus on aquamarine, exploring its history, geological origins, gemological properties, and enduring symbolism.
History and Lore
The name “aquamarine” itself is derived from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (sea), a fitting descriptor for the gem’s captivating blue hues. Throughout history, aquamarine has been associated with the ocean and its protective powers. Ancient mariners believed that carrying aquamarine would ensure a safe voyage, calming the waves and warding off sea sickness. This belief stemmed from the gem’s resemblance to seawater, fostering a connection to the ocean’s vastness and mystery.
Beyond seafaring lore, aquamarine was also considered a stone of good fortune in marriage. It was thought to bring happiness and harmony to couples, solidifying bonds and fostering enduring love. Ancient beliefs extended beyond romance, attributing to aquamarine the ability to protect against foes in battle and legal disputes. It was believed to instill courage, amiability, and intellectual clarity in its wearer, rendering them unconquerable and insightful.
Aquamarine also holds a place in modern traditions, serving not only as the birthstone for March but also as the traditional gift for a 19th wedding anniversary. This association further reinforces the gem’s symbolism of enduring love and lasting commitment.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. The gem forms in pegmatite deposits, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks formed during the final stages of magma crystallization. These deposits often contain a variety of rare minerals, making them valuable sources for gem-quality stones. Aquamarine crystals develop within these pegmatites, often alongside other beryl varieties like morganite (pink beryl) and heliodor (yellow beryl).
For the past two centuries, the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais has been a particularly important source of aquamarine. The region’s diverse landscapes – encompassing rocky hills, rivers, savannahs, and lush green hills – conceal rich pegmatite deposits. Aquamarines are found in both primary (hard rock) and secondary (weathered) pegmatite formations near the gem center of Teófilo Otoni.
Brazil has yielded some truly remarkable aquamarine specimens. In 1936, the government of Brazil presented First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt with a stunning dark blue rectangular step-cut aquamarine weighing 1,298 carats. This magnificent gem originated from a larger piece of rough aquamarine weighing an impressive 2.9 pounds and is now a prized possession at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, New York.
Another celebrated specimen, the Dom Pedro Aquamarine, resides at the Smithsonian Institution. This colossal faceted aquamarine weighs 10,363 carats (approximately 4.6 pounds) and stands approximately 14 inches tall. Fashioned into an obelisk by German lapidary Berndt Munsteiner, it showcases the artistry of the “fantasy cut” technique, maximizing the gem’s brilliance and visual impact.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine exhibits a range of blue hues, from deep green-blue to light, slightly greenish-blue. High-quality aquamarines are often remarkably clear, free from visible inclusions, and possess a vitreous luster.
Here’s a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 – 8 |
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Transparency | Transparent |
With a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, aquamarine is durable enough for everyday wear, making it a suitable choice for rings, pendants, and earrings. Its resistance to scratching and abrasion ensures that jewelry pieces will maintain their beauty for years to come.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with aquamarine is deeply rooted in its connection to the sea. It represents tranquility, serenity, and clarity of thought. The gem is believed to evoke feelings of calmness and peace, helping to soothe emotional turbulence and promote inner harmony.
Historically, aquamarine was thought to protect against negativity and enhance communication. It was believed to foster courage, self-expression, and a sense of inner strength. These beliefs continue to resonate with modern wearers, who often seek aquamarine for its perceived ability to promote emotional balance and spiritual growth.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of aquamarine jewelry is relatively straightforward. Due to its hardness, aquamarine is resilient and can withstand regular wear. Cleaning can be accomplished with warm water, mild dish soap, and a soft brush. Gently scrubbing behind the gemstone will remove any accumulated dirt and debris.
Ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaning are generally safe for aquamarine, provided the gem is free from fractures or liquid inclusions. These cleaning methods can effectively remove stubborn grime without damaging the stone. However, it is always advisable to exercise caution and consult with a professional jeweler if you have any concerns about cleaning your aquamarine jewelry.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, the captivating birthstone of March, holds a rich history and enduring appeal. From its ancient associations with sailors and safe voyages to its modern symbolism of tranquility and enduring love, aquamarine continues to enchant and inspire. Its geological origins in pegmatite deposits, particularly in Brazil, have yielded some truly remarkable specimens, including the impressive Dom Pedro Aquamarine and the historic gift to Eleanor Roosevelt. With its durable nature, beautiful color, and symbolic significance, aquamarine remains a cherished gemstone for generations to come.