March is unique among the months, possessing not one, but two officially recognized birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These gemstones, while strikingly different in appearance, both carry rich histories and symbolic meanings. Aquamarine, with its serene blue hues, evokes the tranquility of the sea, while bloodstone, a dark green stone flecked with red, is steeped in lore surrounding courage and vitality. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and enduring symbolism of these captivating March birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months of the year dates back to the 1st century AD, originating with historians attempting to correlate stones mentioned in biblical texts – specifically, the twelve stones on Aaron’s breastplate and those used in the foundation of the New Jerusalem – with the months and zodiac signs. While early lists varied, bloodstone initially held sole claim as the March birthstone. The standardization of these lists occurred much later, around the 1800s, with influential jewelers like Tiffany & Co. publishing birthstone poems that helped popularize the modern associations. A poem published in 1870 specifically designated bloodstone for those born in March, promising “constancy, true friendship and fidelity.”
Aquamarine’s history is equally compelling. Its name, derived from the Latin “aqua marina,” meaning “water of the sea,” reflects its captivating color. Ancient mariners believed the gem possessed the power to calm waves and ensure safe passage, while others attributed protective qualities against foes in battle and litigation. It was also thought to foster happiness in marriage and quicken the intellect.
The month of March itself holds historical significance. Named after Mars, the Roman god of war, it marked the resumption of military campaigns after the winter months. Simultaneously, it signaled the return to farming and travel with the spring equinox, leading to numerous festivals celebrating both Mars and the new year. Today, March symbolizes new beginnings, rebirth, and hope, themes that resonate with the vibrant energy of spring.
Geological Formation and Sources
Bloodstone, a variety of chalcedony, typically forms as a result of iron oxide inclusions within the stone, giving it its distinctive dark green color with red spots – the “blood” that gives it its name. It is often found filling fractures or cavities in other rocks, or as pebbles in riverbeds. Currently, the majority of bloodstone available on the market originates from India, but deposits are also found in Brazil, Australia, China, and the United States.
Aquamarine, a member of the beryl family, forms in pegmatites – igneous rocks rich in rare elements. Its characteristic blue to green-blue hues are attributed to trace amounts of iron within its chemical composition. While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided sources, the gem is known to be sourced from various locations globally.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and bloodstone exhibit markedly different gemological properties. Aquamarine is typically transparent, often appearing as clear as water, and is valued for its clarity and vibrant color. Bloodstone, in contrast, is generally opaque.
Here’s a comparative overview of key properties:
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Color | Sea-green to sky blue | Deep forest green with crimson splashes |
| Transparency | Transparent | Opaque |
| Hardness (Mohs) | Not specified | 6.5–7 |
Bloodstone is commonly cut as a cabochon, a smooth, polished dome shape, though some striking examples are faceted. Aquamarine, due to its clarity, is often faceted to maximize its brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both aquamarine and bloodstone have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Aquamarine has long been associated with courage, clarity, and happiness. Its connection to the sea symbolizes tranquility and peace. Bloodstone, with its dramatic appearance, has been linked to strength, vitality, and courage. Historically, it was believed to have healing properties, promoting health and improving mental state. It was also thought to bring safety and luck to the wearer.
Beyond the traditional birthstone symbolism, ruby is identified as a guardian angel birthstone for all days of March, believed to reconcile disagreements and strengthen bonds between friends and lovers. Emerald is designated as the special apostle birthstone for the entire month, considered a gem of intelligence, wealth, and service to humanity. Jade is also mentioned as a birthstone for those born between January 1 and 20, though its connection to March is less direct.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of these March birthstones requires specific care. Bloodstone, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5–7, is susceptible to scratches and should be stored in a soft fabric. Cleaning can be easily accomplished with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Aquamarine’s care requirements are not detailed in the provided sources, but its hardness suggests it is relatively durable.
Wedding Anniversaries
Aquamarine holds a special place in commemorating marital milestones, serving as the traditional gemstone for the 18th wedding anniversary. Bloodstone is recognized as an alternate gem for the 14th anniversary.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and bloodstone, the dual birthstones of March, represent a fascinating blend of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From ancient mariners seeking safe passage to modern jewelry enthusiasts appreciating their unique beauty, these gemstones continue to captivate and inspire. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their historical significance, or their perceived metaphysical properties, aquamarine and bloodstone offer a meaningful connection to the month of March and the promise of spring.