Ruby, the vibrant red gemstone, holds a prominent position in the world of colored stones and is traditionally recognized as the birthstone for July. Derived from the Latin word ruber, meaning red, the ruby has long been associated with love, passion, and power. Its striking color, durability, and historical significance have made it a coveted gem for millennia, adorning royalty, warriors, and lovers alike. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this remarkable gemstone, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of the ruby is deeply interwoven with human culture, stretching back to ancient civilizations. In ancient India, the ruby was revered as the “king of precious stones,” prized for its rarity, hardness – second only to diamond – beauty, and perceived mystical powers. It was believed to possess the life force of blood, symbolizing power and youthful energy, and was frequently incorporated into Indian jewelry.
Ancient beliefs surrounding the ruby extended beyond mere aesthetics. Some cultures believed the stone could predict misfortune or danger, while others attributed medicinal properties to it, claiming it could cure inflammatory diseases and soothe anger. Burmese warriors, according to historical accounts, believed rubies rendered them invincible in battle. Medieval Europeans held similar beliefs, associating rubies with health, wisdom, wealth, and success in love.
While ruby has long been the primary birthstone for July, it’s important to note a historical shift in its designation. Until 1912, onyx was widely recognized as the July birthstone in many cultures, including Jewish, Roman, and European traditions. The National Association of Jewelers, now known as Jewelers of America, standardized a list of birthstones in that year, officially designating ruby as the July birthstone in the United States. Despite this change, onyx remains an acknowledged alternative or secondary birthstone for the month. The ruby is also traditionally given to celebrate the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies are a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide mineral. Their characteristic red color is derived from trace amounts of the element chromium present during the stone’s formation. The more chromium present, the more intense the red hue.
Rubies form in metamorphic and igneous rocks. The formation process requires specific geological conditions, including high pressure and temperature. While rubies are found in various locations around the world, sources offer limited detail on specific mining locations. The sources mention Burma (now Myanmar) as a historically significant source, where rubies were believed to imbue warriors with invincibility.
Gemological Properties
Rubies possess a unique combination of properties that contribute to their value and desirability. The most important factor influencing a ruby’s value is its color. The finest rubies exhibit a deep, vivid red, sometimes with a hint of purple, a shade referred to as “pigeon’s blood” within the trade.
Here’s a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Color | Red |
| Mohs Hardness | 9 |
| Mineral | Corundum |
| Chemical Formula | Al₂O₃ |
With a Mohs hardness of 9, rubies are exceptionally durable, surpassed only by diamonds. This hardness makes them suitable for everyday wear and ensures their longevity. While the sources do not provide information on clarity, refractive index, or specific gravity, the emphasis on color and durability highlights these as key characteristics. The presence of inclusions, while sometimes detracting from a stone’s clarity, is common in rubies.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, the ruby has been imbued with rich symbolism. As previously mentioned, its association with blood led to its connection with power, vitality, and passion. The deep red color naturally evokes feelings of love and desire, making rubies a popular choice for anniversary and Valentine’s Day gifts.
Beyond romantic love, rubies are believed to provide concentration and fervor to those who wear them. Some cultures have attributed the ability to ward off misfortune and danger to the stone. The ruby is also associated with the zodiac sign Leo, further solidifying its symbolic connection to July.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their exceptional hardness, rubies are relatively easy to care for. However, like all gemstones, they require proper handling to maintain their brilliance. The sources do not provide detailed cleaning instructions, but given the ruby’s hardness, it can withstand gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the stone.
Conclusion
The ruby, with its captivating color, exceptional durability, and rich history, remains one of the most prized and sought-after gemstones in the world. As the traditional birthstone for July, it embodies love, passion, power, and protection. From ancient warriors to modern jewelry enthusiasts, the ruby continues to fascinate and inspire, solidifying its place as the “king of precious stones.” Its enduring appeal lies not only in its beauty but also in the centuries of lore and symbolism that have become inextricably linked to this remarkable gem.