December is unique among the months, possessing not one, but three officially recognized birthstones: turquoise, tanzanite, and blue zircon. Blue topaz serves as a popular alternative. All these gemstones share a common thread – the captivating color blue, reflecting the cool tones of the winter season. Each stone carries its own distinct history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, making December birthdays particularly special.
History and Lore
The use of gemstones to represent birth months dates back centuries, though the modern list evolved over time. Turquoise boasts the longest history of the December birthstones, having been prized for millennia. Ancient Egyptians, including pharaohs, adorned themselves with turquoise, and Chinese artisans were carving the stone over 3,000 years ago. Throughout history, turquoise was believed to guarantee health and good fortune, and, from the 13th century onward, was thought to offer protection from physical harm, even breaking into pieces to warn of impending disaster. Hindu traditions associated viewing turquoise after a new moon with the promise of wealth.
Zircon, while used in jewelry for over 2,000 years, has a less documented early history compared to turquoise. Its versatility in color, including the popular blue variety, contributed to its widespread appeal.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered relatively recently in 1967 in Tanzania. Its unique violet-blue hue quickly captivated the gem world, and its limited source has contributed to its rarity and desirability. The name itself is derived from its country of origin.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper that percolates through bedrock. Over time, reactions with other minerals create an opaque stone exhibiting shades of blue and green. The distinctive patterns and lines within turquoise, known as matrix, originate from the surrounding rock.
Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite, found in a very limited geographical area near Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. This restricted source contributes significantly to its rarity and value.
Zircon occurs in a variety of colors, with blue zircon being particularly popular. The sources of zircon are not specifically detailed in the provided materials.
Blue topaz, while often treated to enhance its color, occurs naturally in a variety of shades. The sources of natural blue topaz are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties. Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, ranging in color from blue to green. Tanzanite is known for its remarkable trichroism, displaying blue, purple, or burgundy hues depending on the viewing angle.
Blue zircon displays a sparkling brilliance. Blue topaz, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. The provided materials do not offer detailed chemical formulas or refractive indices for these stones.
The following table summarizes the Mohs hardness of Blue Topaz:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise symbolizes success, happiness, and prosperity. It was historically believed to possess protective qualities, safeguarding wearers from harm.
Tanzanite is associated with wisdom, dignity, and transformation. Its relatively recent discovery has led to fewer deeply ingrained traditional beliefs, but it is often seen as a stone of intuition and spiritual growth.
Zircon, in its blue variety, is linked to wisdom and serenity. Historically, it was believed to bring good fortune and protect against evil.
Blue topaz is often associated with communication and self-expression.
Care and Cleaning
The durability of each gemstone influences its care requirements. Blue topaz, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is relatively durable and can withstand regular wear. Turquoise, being softer, requires more careful handling to avoid scratches. Tanzanite and zircon, while beautiful, may be more susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals or impacts.
Generally, all these gemstones can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, especially for turquoise. It is advisable to have gemstones professionally cleaned and inspected periodically to maintain their brilliance and integrity.
Zodiac Connections
Ancient astrologers linked gemstones to the zodiac signs. Topaz is the primary birthstone for Sagittarius (November 23 - December 21), with turquoise as a secondary stone. Ruby is the primary birthstone for Capricorn (December 22 - January 20). This historical connection highlights the enduring belief in the influence of celestial bodies on earthly stones and their wearers.
December Birthstone Options
The availability of multiple birthstones for December provides a range of options for those seeking the perfect gemstone. The choice depends on personal preference, style, and budget. Tanzanite, being the rarest, often commands a higher price. Turquoise offers a more earthy and traditional aesthetic, while blue zircon provides a sparkling brilliance. Blue topaz presents a durable and affordable alternative.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, and blue zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, each stone carries a unique story. Their shared blue hues evoke the serenity of the winter season, while their individual properties offer a diverse range of choices for those born in December. These gems are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible connections to the past, symbols of hope, and expressions of personal style.