August boasts a unique distinction among the birthstones: not one, but three official gemstones represent the month – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each offers a distinct color palette and symbolism, providing a diverse range of options for those born in August. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and meanings associated with these three captivating birthstones.
History and Lore
The history of August birthstones is layered, evolving over time. Traditionally, sardonyx held prominence as the primary August birthstone. However, in 1912, peridot was officially recognized as the August birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA). More recently, in 2016, spinel was added to the official list, expanding the choices available to August-born individuals. This addition was made to provide consumers with a wider selection of colors, price points, and availability.
The origin of the name “peridot” is somewhat uncertain, though it may derive from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem.” Peridot has a long history of use, often associated with royalty and power. Sardonyx, with its banded layers, has been used for centuries in intaglios and cameos, prized for its ability to take a detailed carving. Spinel, while historically often mistaken for ruby, gained recognition as a distinct gemstone more recently, though its use in royal jewelry dates back centuries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones originates through different geological processes and is found in various locations worldwide. Peridot is formed in the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Common sources include India, Brazil, Germany, Uruguay, and the United States. Spinel often forms in metamorphic rocks and is found alongside other gemstones like ruby and sapphire. Notable sources include India, though it can also be found in various other locations. Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of silica in volcanic environments.
Gemological Properties
The three August birthstones differ significantly in their gemological properties, contributing to their unique appearances and characteristics.
Peridot: Peridot is known for its distinctive olive-green color, a result of iron content within its crystal structure. Its color ranges from chartreuse to deep olive. It is sometimes referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its ability to glow even in low light.
Spinel: Spinel exhibits a wider range of colors than peridot, including vivid red (often mistaken for ruby), soft pink, purple, blue (with deep blue and gray tones), fiery orange, and even jet black.
Sardonyx: Sardonyx is characterized by its bold bands of red, brown, and white, creating unique patterns in each stone. These bands are formed by layers of sard (a reddish variety of chalcedony) and onyx (a banded variety of chalcedony).
While specific data like refractive index and hardness are not provided in the sources, the descriptions highlight the visual distinctions between the three stones.
Here's a table summarizing the key color characteristics:
| Birthstone | Color Range |
|---|---|
| Peridot | Yellow-green to olive green |
| Spinel | Red, pink, purple, blue, orange, black |
| Sardonyx | Red, brown, and white bands |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each August birthstone carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical properties. Peridot is associated with joy, abundance, emotional clarity, and healing. It is believed to encourage joy, confidence, and compassion, while also releasing negative patterns and strengthening friendships. The green color of peridot is linked to inner peace, harmony, growth, and prosperity, and is thought to dispel envy and ward off evil.
Spinel symbolizes inspiration, energy, and resilience. It is believed to encourage renewal and vitality.
Sardonyx represents strength, stability, and protection. Its earthy tones are thought to provide a grounding energy.
These meanings add another dimension to the stones, making them not just beautiful adornments but also potential sources of spiritual support and encouragement. Peridot, in particular, is associated with the heart chakra and is believed to attract luck and harmonize energies. It is suggested that wearing peridot can aid significant life changes and promote peaceful sleep.
Care and Cleaning
While specific cleaning instructions are not detailed in the provided sources, the properties of the stones suggest general care guidelines. Peridot, being a relatively softer stone, should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Spinel, with its varying hardness depending on the specific variety, should also be handled with care. Sardonyx, being a form of chalcedony, is relatively durable but should still be protected from impacts. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is generally recommended for all three stones.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a captivating array of colors and meanings. From the vibrant green of peridot to the diverse hues of spinel and the bold bands of sardonyx, each gemstone holds a unique appeal. Their historical significance, geological origins, and symbolic associations contribute to their enduring popularity. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, their perceived metaphysical properties, or their connection to the month of August, these gemstones continue to be cherished by those who appreciate the wonders of the natural world.