The July 20th birthstone is a subject of both intrigue and diversity, reflecting a convergence of history, culture, and gemological significance. This date is associated with multiple gemstones, including the official July birthstone Ruby, as well as the alternative gemstones Onyx, Turquoise, Sardonyx, and Sapphire, depending on the tradition or cultural framework considered. These gemstones are not only prized for their visual appeal but also for the symbolic and spiritual meanings they carry. This article explores the various gemstones linked to July 20th, their historical roles, gemological properties, and their enduring presence in jewelry and spiritual practices.
The Historical Roots of the July 20th Birthstone
The tradition of birthstones is believed to have ancient origins, with early versions traced back to the High Priest Aaron’s breastplate described in the Hebrew Bible (Exodus 8:2). This artifact was said to hold 12 precious stones, each representing one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Over time, the idea of associating gemstones with specific months and zodiac signs became widespread across various cultures. In many traditions, gemstones were thought to offer protective and healing properties to those born under their corresponding month or sign.
For July 20th, the birthstone tradition is no less rich. The date straddles the zodiac signs of Cancer (June 21 – July 22) and Leo (July 23 – August 22), depending on the exact date and time of birth. As such, the birthstone associated with July 20th may reflect the influence of both signs. In some systems, Ruby is the modern birthstone for July, while Carnelian and Onyx appear as alternative or traditional birthstones.
Historically, Ruby has been revered across civilizations for its deep red hue and associations with passion and vitality. In Hindu traditions, Ruby is considered the king of gemstones and was often used in royal regalia and sacred rituals. Meanwhile, Onyx—a banded form of chalcedony—has long been valued for its grounding properties and was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to ward off negative energies.
The concept of birthstones also evolved over time with the introduction of modern birthstone lists, which were standardized in the 20th century by organizations like the American National Retail Jewelers Association (now Jewelers of America). These modern lists reflect the availability of gemstones and their popularity in jewelry markets. Ruby’s designation as the July birthstone in this system is a testament to its enduring appeal and rarity.
The Gemological Properties of Ruby and Onyx
Ruby: The King of Gems
Ruby is the most prominent and widely recognized birthstone for July. Chemically, Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What distinguishes Ruby from other corundum varieties is the presence of chromium (Cr) or iron (Fe) impurities, which impart its signature deep red color. The finest rubies exhibit a rich red hue often described as "pigeon's blood," a term most commonly associated with Burmese rubies.
Ruby is known for its exceptional hardness, ranking a 9 on the Mohs scale, second only to diamond. This durability makes it ideal for use in a wide range of jewelry, from rings and pendants to earrings. Rubies are also known for their superb luster, strong refractive index (1.76–1.78), and double refraction, which can be observed in unheated or unirradiated specimens.
Rubies are found in a variety of geological settings, typically in metamorphic rocks such as limestone or marble, and in alluvial gravels. The most famous ruby deposits are in Myanmar (Burma), where they have been mined for centuries. Other notable sources include Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Afghanistan. The color and fluorescence of a ruby can often indicate its origin. For example, Burmese rubies tend to have a strong red fluorescence under ultraviolet light, while rubies from other regions may exhibit different secondary hues like pink, orange, or violet.
Onyx: The Grounding Stone
Onyx is a form of chalcedony, a microcrystalline quartz composed of silica (SiO₂). It is known for its smooth, waxy texture and uniform coloration, often appearing in black or white bands. Onyx is typically found in banded formations, with the most well-known variety being sardonyx, which features alternating bands of white chalcedony and reddish sard (a type of carnelian).
Onyx ranks 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable than many other semi-precious stones but less so than Ruby. This hardness makes it suitable for most types of jewelry, though it requires more careful handling than harder gemstones.
Onyx is often associated with protection, strength, and stability in metaphysical traditions. It has been used in jewelry and decorative objects since ancient times and was particularly popular in Roman times, where it was carved into signet rings and amulets. Modern onyx is often dyed to enhance its color and is sourced from countries such as Brazil, India, Nepal, and Nigeria.
Cultural and Symbolic Significance
Ruby: Passion and Power
Ruby has long been associated with passion, love, and vitality. In ancient times, it was believed to symbolize the lifeblood of the body and was used in amulets to promote courage and vitality. In medieval Europe, rubies were considered symbols of royalty and divine power, often incorporated into crowns and royal regalia. The Black Prince's Ruby, now part of the British Crown Jewels, was actually a red spinel for many years before being correctly identified.
Ruby is also deeply rooted in spiritual and metaphysical traditions. In Hinduism, it is considered the king of all gemstones and is associated with the sun and the planet Surya. Wearing a ruby was believed to bring success, power, and protection from misfortune. In Western traditions, Ruby is often linked to the heart chakra, symbolizing love, compassion, and emotional healing.
Onyx: Strength and Clarity
Onyx is traditionally associated with strength, protection, and emotional stability. It was used in ancient times to ward off negative energies and to promote courage in times of conflict. The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that onyx could help prevent nightmares and was often worn to calm the mind and sharpen focus.
In modern metaphysical practices, onyx is often used for grounding and emotional balance. It is believed to help individuals remain composed and centered, especially during times of stress or uncertainty. Some practitioners also use onyx to absorb negative emotions, making it a popular choice for those dealing with grief, anger, or anxiety.
Ruby and Onyx in Jewelry and Modern Practice
Both Ruby and Onyx are popular choices in jewelry design, especially for July-born individuals. Ruby’s vibrant red color and durability make it an ideal centerpiece for rings, pendants, and earrings, while Onyx’s smooth, dark surface is often used as a background or contrast in designs to highlight other gemstones.
In modern jewelry, Ruby is often paired with white gold or platinum to enhance its color, while Onyx is frequently set in silver or blackened metals to emphasize its natural depth. Both gemstones can be found in a wide range of styles, from traditional and classic to contemporary and minimalist.
From a spiritual and alternative healing perspective, Ruby and Onyx are often used in energy healing practices. Ruby is believed to stimulate the heart and circulatory system, promoting passion and vitality, while Onyx is used to ground and stabilize the body and mind, helping individuals stay focused and emotionally balanced.
Care and Maintenance of Ruby and Onyx
Proper care and maintenance are essential for preserving the beauty and longevity of Ruby and Onyx. Due to its hardness, Ruby is relatively easy to care for and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It should be stored separately from other gemstones to avoid scratches, and ultrasonic cleaners can be used for a more thorough cleaning.
Onyx, while durable, is more porous than Ruby and can be sensitive to harsh chemicals and acids. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, and should be avoided from exposure to strong detergents or abrasive materials. Onyx should also be kept away from high heat and direct sunlight to prevent fading or damage.
Both Ruby and Onyx should be inspected regularly for loose settings or damage, especially in rings and other frequently worn jewelry. Professional cleaning and inspection by a certified jeweler are recommended to ensure the gemstones remain in optimal condition.
Conclusion
The July 20th birthstone offers a fascinating blend of historical significance, gemological excellence, and symbolic meaning. Whether it is the vibrant red Ruby, the durable and grounding Onyx, or the rare and mystical Turquoise or Sardonyx, each gemstone carries its own unique legacy and charm. These stones not only reflect the beauty of nature but also connect individuals to a rich tapestry of cultural, spiritual, and historical traditions.
For those born on July 20th, wearing a piece of jewelry featuring one of these gemstones can be a meaningful and personal expression of identity. Whether chosen for its aesthetic appeal, protective properties, or symbolic significance, the July 20th birthstone remains a timeless treasure, valued across generations and cultures.