March boasts a remarkable diversity of birthstones, more than many other months. Traditionally, and continuing today, the primary birthstones for March are aquamarine and bloodstone. However, historical and astrological connections also link the month to jasper, jade, and even crystal, creating a rich and complex gemological heritage. This article will explore the history, geological context, and symbolism of these March birthstones, drawing from historical records and modern gemological understanding.
History and Lore
The story of March birthstones is one of evolving traditions. Initially, jasper held prominence as the birthstone for March, stemming from its inclusion in the foundation stones of the New Jerusalem as described in the Book of Revelation. The Hebrew name for jasper, yashepheh, and its descriptions as a translucent green stone, connect it to early astrological associations with the sign of Aries, which partially overlaps with March. The term “jasper” itself has ancient roots, appearing as iaspis in Latin and Greek texts.
However, the 20th century witnessed a shift in preference. In 1912, American jewelers began promoting aquamarine as a March birthstone, and by 1952, it had become the primary gem, relegating bloodstone to an alternate position. This change was driven by the jewelry industry’s desire to diversify gem availability and appeal to consumer preferences.
Jade also holds a historical connection to March, particularly for those born between March 21st and 23rd, aligning with the cusp of Aries. Its name originates from the Spanish piedra de hijada, meaning “stone of the flank,” and the similar term nephrite. Centuries before Christianity, jade symbolized nine virtues: charity, goodness, virtue, knowledge, skill, morality, divination, rectitude, and harmony. In the Middle East, it was considered a talisman against injury and believed to aid in childbirth, linked to the Babylonian goddess Ishtar and her jade girdle.
Crystal, or rock crystal, a clear variety of quartz, is also associated with March, specifically for those born between March 18th and 20th, falling under the sign of Pisces. The name derives from the Greek krystallos, meaning “clear ice,” and it was historically regarded as a magical gemstone, famously used in crystal balls.
Geological Formation and Sources
The provided sources do not offer detailed geological information on the formation of these stones. However, they do indicate some geographical origins. Garnet, mentioned in relation to January’s birthstone, is found in Russia, Greece, Wyoming, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar, with Africa currently being the primary source. While not a primary March birthstone, this illustrates the global distribution of gemstone deposits. Jasper, as an opaque chalcedony, is found in various colors and patterns, with red jasper being particularly popular. Aquamarine, a variety of beryl, is not discussed in terms of its geological formation or sources within these materials.
Gemological Properties
The sources provide limited gemological data. Garnet, used as an example, has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.5. Amethyst, the February birthstone, is noted to have a Mohs hardness of 7. Aquamarine is identified as a blue-green variety of beryl, its name reflecting its seawater-like color ("aqua-marine"). Bloodstone is described as a green gem, while jasper is noted as often translucent and green, though other colors are also available. Crystal is defined as a clear and transparent variety of quartz.
The sources do not provide information on refractive index, specific gravity, chemical formulas, or clarity grades for these March birthstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these March birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Garnet, though not a primary March stone, is believed to improve depression and negative thoughts in Indian astrology and was used in medieval medicine for inflammatory diseases and heart issues. It was thought to bring good health, fortune, and joy.
Jade, with its association with nine virtues, was highly valued for its moral and spiritual qualities. It was considered a protective talisman and a symbol of harmony. Crystal, due to its clarity, was associated with magical powers and divination.
Bloodstone, while diminished in prominence, retains a connection to courage and strength. Aquamarine, with its sea-green hue, evokes feelings of tranquility and clarity. The sources suggest that each birthstone possesses “magical properties,” though these are not specifically defined beyond general associations with well-being and positive attributes.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these March birthstones. However, based on their general hardness (where known), some inferences can be made. Garnet, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7.5, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. Amethyst, with a hardness of 7, is more durable. Quartz crystal, also with a hardness of 7, is relatively resistant to scratching. Jasper, being a chalcedony, is also reasonably durable. Aquamarine, as a beryl, is relatively hard but can be susceptible to chipping, so caution is advised. General recommendations for gemstone care include cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, and avoiding harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners.
A Note on Modern Choice
The sources emphasize that the choice of a birthstone is ultimately personal. While traditional associations exist, individuals are encouraged to select the gem that resonates most with them, regardless of their birth month. This reflects a modern approach to gemstone appreciation, prioritizing individual preference over strict adherence to historical conventions.
Conclusion
March’s birthstones represent a fascinating blend of historical tradition, evolving preferences, and enduring symbolism. From the ancient origins of jasper to the modern prominence of aquamarine, and the continued relevance of bloodstone, jade, and crystal, these gems offer a diverse range of choices for those born in the third month of the year. While the sources provide a limited scope of information, they highlight the rich cultural and historical significance of these stones, and their enduring appeal as symbols of beauty, meaning, and personal connection.