March is a month of transition, mirroring the fluctuating weather described as “summer in the light, and winter in the shade.” This duality is reflected in the two birthstones assigned to the month: aquamarine and emerald. Both gemstones, varieties of the mineral beryl, hold distinct histories, properties, and symbolic meanings. This article will explore the origins, characteristics, and significance of these captivating March birthstones, drawing upon available historical and gemological information.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months and their corresponding astrological signs is a tradition with roots stretching back centuries. While the modern standardization of birthstones is relatively recent, the practice of attributing powers and meanings to gems dates back to ancient civilizations. Aquamarine, with its evocative name derived from the Latin “aqua marina” meaning “seawater,” has long been connected to the ocean and its protective qualities. Early sailors, as noted in historical accounts, carved aquamarine into amulets dedicated to Neptune, the Roman god of the sea, believing it would safeguard them during voyages. Beyond maritime protection, aquamarine was also utilized for medicinal purposes, submerged in water with the belief that it would imbue the liquid with healing properties, capable of reversing poison and alleviating ailments of the heart, liver, stomach, mouth, and throat. Giving aquamarine as a gift traditionally symbolizes safety and security.
Emerald, the other March birthstone, boasts an even more extensive history. Revered by ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, emeralds were associated with rebirth and immortality. Pharaohs were buried with emeralds, believing the gem possessed the power of eternal youth. Romans linked emeralds to Venus, the goddess of love and beauty, and believed the stone symbolized hope and springtime. The name “emerald” itself originates from the Greek word “smaragdus,” meaning “green gem.”
Interestingly, the assignment of birthstones can vary across different cultures and historical periods. Some astrologists suggest that individuals born on the cusp of astrological signs may benefit from the properties of both signs’ associated gemstones. This is particularly relevant for those born between March 21st and 31st, who may find resonance with both aquamarine and jade, or for those born between March 18th and 20th, who may find resonance with aquamarine and rock crystal.
Geological Formation and Sources
Both aquamarine and emerald belong to the beryl family, a beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate mineral. The formation of beryl requires specific geological conditions, typically involving the presence of beryllium-rich fluids interacting with aluminum-rich rocks. Aquamarine’s blue to blue-green hues are attributed to trace amounts of iron within the beryl crystal structure. Emerald’s vibrant green color, however, is due to the presence of chromium and sometimes vanadium.
While both are beryls, their geological origins can differ. Aquamarine is often found in pegmatites, coarse-grained igneous rocks formed during the late stages of magma crystallization. Significant deposits of aquamarine are found in locations like Colorado, which is designated as the state gem, as well as Brazil, Nigeria, and Mozambique. Emerald formation is often associated with hydrothermal veins and metamorphic rocks. Historically, significant emerald sources have been located in Colombia, but deposits are also found in Zambia, Brazil, and Russia.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and emerald share a common chemical formula (Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈) but differ in color, clarity, and other gemological characteristics.
| Property | Aquamarine | Emerald |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ | Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈ |
| Color | Blue to Blue-Green | Green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 | 7.5 - 8 |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal | Hexagonal |
| Specific Gravity | 2.67 - 2.78 | 2.67 - 2.78 |
| Refractive Index | 1.565 - 1.590 | 1.565 - 1.622 |
Both gemstones exhibit good toughness and are suitable for various jewelry applications. However, emeralds are often more included than aquamarines, meaning they contain internal flaws or fractures. These inclusions are often considered a “garden” within the stone and can contribute to its character, but they can also affect its durability.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both aquamarine and emerald have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Aquamarine is often associated with courage, hope, and optimism, qualities embodied by Malchediel, the guardian angel assigned to the month of March. It is believed to promote healing, easing anxiety and improving mental clarity.
Emerald, representing spring and new birth, symbolizes wisdom, growth, and patience. It is considered a stone of love and fidelity, and was historically believed to possess the power of eternal youth. In the Middle East, jade, sometimes considered an alternate birthstone for those born near the Aries cusp, was used as a talisman against injuries and believed to aid in childbirth. Rock crystal, another potential astral birthstone for those born near the Pisces-Aries cusp, was considered one of the most magical gemstones, often associated with divination and clarity.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, both aquamarine and emerald are relatively durable gemstones. However, emeralds, with their typically higher inclusion content, require more careful handling. To clean both stones, a soft brush, warm water, and mild soap are recommended. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, especially for emeralds, as these can damage the stone or exacerbate existing inclusions. Regular cleaning will help maintain the brilliance and beauty of these March birthstones.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and emerald, the dual birthstones of March, represent the month’s inherent duality – the warmth of approaching spring tempered by the lingering chill of winter. Both gemstones boast rich histories, captivating colors, and symbolic meanings that have resonated with cultures for millennia. Whether admired for their beauty, cherished for their perceived healing properties, or valued as symbols of love and fidelity, aquamarine and emerald continue to hold a special place in the world of gemstones.