June boasts a unique distinction among the birthstones – not one, but three gemstones represent the month: pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite. Each stone carries its own rich history, symbolism, and allure, offering a diverse range of options for those born in June. This article will explore the origins, lore, and significance of these three captivating gemstones, tracing their journey from ancient beliefs to their modern status as cherished birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times. Early connections can be found in the Book of Exodus, where twelve precious stones adorned the Breastplate of Aaron, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Scholar Flavius Josephus, in the 1st century A.D., and later St. Jerome in the 5th century A.D., proposed a link between these gems, the months of the year, and the zodiac signs, suggesting a connection between the stones and astrological alignment. This belief encouraged the practice of wearing all twelve stones for their perceived miraculous properties.
The standardization of birthstones as we know them today began in 1912 with the National Association of Jewelers of America, which initially chose pearl and moonstone for June. Pearls were selected for their universal appeal and elegance, while moonstone resonated with the summer solstice and the energy of the full moons prevalent in June. In 1952, the Jewelers Industry Council of America expanded the list, adding alexandrite to the June birthstone family, filling a gap in color representation with its remarkable shifting hues.
Moonstone’s history is deeply rooted in ancient Roman and Greek lore, being associated with the moon goddesses Artemis and Selene. It was believed to reflect the energy of the June solstice. More recently, in the 1990s, moonstone gained popularity among those seeking spiritual balance and intuition.
Alexandrite, the newest addition to the June birthstone trio, has a particularly fascinating history tied to Russian royalty. While reports suggest possible earlier discoveries, the gem was officially found in the Ural Mountains around 1833. Initially mistaken for an emerald, it was identified as a unique gemstone by mineralogist Nils Gustav Nordenskjold due to its remarkable color-changing ability. The stone was named in honor of Alexander II, the heir apparent to the Russian throne, and subsequently became associated with the Czars and the imperial colors of Russia – red and green – solidifying its prestige as a national gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources for these three June birthstones vary significantly, reflecting their distinct geological origins. Pearl formation is unique, being an organic gem created within oysters and other mollusks. Moonstone is a feldspar mineral, typically formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Alexandrite, a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, forms in metamorphic rocks.
While the provided sources do not detail specific mining locations for pearl or moonstone, they highlight the historical importance of the Golconda mines in India for diamonds during the 17th century, suggesting a broader historical context for gemstone sourcing. Alexandrite was originally discovered in Russia’s Ural Mountains, where stones of excellent quality and distinct color change were found.
Gemological Properties
The three June birthstones differ considerably in their gemological properties.
Pearls are organic gemstones, lacking a crystalline structure. Their value is determined by factors such as size, shape, luster, color, and surface quality.
Moonstone, a member of the feldspar group, exhibits a characteristic adularescence – a shimmering, billowy effect caused by light scattering within its layered structure.
Alexandrite is a highly prized gemstone known for its dramatic color change. In daylight, it appears green, while in incandescent light, it shifts to a reddish-purple hue. This phenomenon is due to the presence of chromium ions within its crystal structure.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is not provided in the sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Amethyst, while not a June birthstone, is described in the sources as representing clear-headedness, calmness, peace, and enlightenment, illustrating the broader tradition of attributing specific qualities to gemstones.
Pearls have long been associated with purity, innocence, and faith. Moonstone is linked to intuition, balance, and feminine energy, reflecting its connection to lunar deities. Alexandrite, due to its color-changing nature, symbolizes adaptability, good fortune, and uniqueness.
The sources mention that amethyst was believed to prevent drunkenness in ancient Greece, leading to associations with clear thinking and strategic prowess. Moonstone, in modern times, is considered a stone that promotes spiritual growth and opens one to intuition.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for these gemstones. However, given their differing properties, general guidelines can be inferred. Pearls, being organic, are relatively soft and require gentle handling. They should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water, avoiding harsh chemicals. Moonstone, with a moderate hardness, can be cleaned similarly. Alexandrite, being a durable gemstone, can withstand more rigorous cleaning, but it is still advisable to avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Conclusion
Pearl, moonstone, and alexandrite represent a captivating trio of June birthstones, each with a unique history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient associations with lunar goddesses and biblical breastplates to the regal connection of alexandrite with Russian royalty, these gemstones have captivated humanity for centuries. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their beauty but also in the rich tapestry of lore and tradition that surrounds them, making them cherished symbols of June and treasured possessions for those who wear them.