June boasts not one, but two recognized birthstones: Alexandrite and Pearl. These gems, while vastly different in origin and appearance, both hold a rich history and unique symbolism. Alexandrite, a relatively recent discovery, is prized for its remarkable color-changing ability, while the pearl, a timeless classic, has been treasured for millennia as a symbol of purity and wisdom. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of these captivating June birthstones.
A History of Dual Designation
The tradition of assigning specific gemstones to each month is ancient, originating with the twelve tribes of Israel and their association with stones on the breastplate of Aaron. Over time, this evolved into a system of monthly birthstones. While initially each month had a single designated gem, the list has been modified over the years. Significant changes occurred in 1952 with the addition of alexandrite to June’s selection by the Jewelry Industry Council of America, alongside citrine for November, pink tourmaline for October, and zircon for December. Further additions followed in 2002 and 2016, expanding the options for each month. Today, three lists – ancient, traditional, and modern – exist, offering a range of choices for those seeking a birthstone connection.
The Allure of Alexandrite
Discovered in Russia’s Ural Mountains in the 1830s, alexandrite quickly gained recognition for its extraordinary optical phenomenon: a dramatic color change. In daylight, the gem appears green, but under incandescent light, it transforms to a captivating red. This unique characteristic led to its association with balance and transformation, symbolizing adaptability and inner growth. Its rarity and mystique have made it a cherished gem among collectors and enthusiasts. Synthetic alexandrite is now readily available, often created by lacing corundum with vanadium, though these imitations typically exhibit a purple-mauve color change rather than the true green-to-red shift of the natural stone.
The Timeless Elegance of Pearls
Pearls, unlike most gemstones, are organic creations formed within oysters and other mollusks. They have been celebrated for centuries as symbols of purity, wisdom, and timeless beauty. Their history is deeply intertwined with human civilization, appearing in ancient jewelry and adorning royalty throughout the ages. Pearls continue to be a popular choice for jewelry, often paired with diamonds for a sophisticated and elegant look.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. Its color change is attributed to the presence of chromium ions within its crystal structure. While originally found in the Ural Mountains of Russia, significant deposits have since been discovered in Sri Lanka, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Myanmar, and Tanzania. Determining the authenticity of alexandrite requires careful examination, as larger, exceptionally clear stones are rare in nature. Synthetic versions are common, and experts should be consulted for accurate identification.
Pearls are formed within the soft tissue of a living shelled mollusk. Natural pearls are rare and highly valued, while cultured pearls are created through a deliberate human intervention in the pearl-forming process. Cultured pearls are now the dominant form available in the market.
Gemological Properties
While both are June birthstones, Alexandrite and Pearl differ significantly in their gemological properties.
Alexandrite:
- Mineral: Chrysoberyl
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 8.5
- Color: Green in daylight, red in incandescent light
- Clarity: Inclusions often present, contributing to the color-changing effect
- Formation: Primarily found in pegmatites, metamorphic rocks, and alluvial deposits.
Pearl:
Pearls do not have a defined chemical formula or crystal structure as they are biogenic, formed by living organisms.
- Hardness (Mohs Scale): 2.5 – 4.5 (varies depending on the type of pearl)
- Luster: The primary characteristic determining pearl quality.
- Nacre: The iridescent coating that gives pearls their shine.
- Shape: Can range from perfectly round to baroque (irregular).
- Formation: Formed within oysters and other mollusks, either naturally or through culturing.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both alexandrite and pearls have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Alexandrite, with its ability to change color, is associated with harmony, adaptability, and inner growth. It is seen as a reminder of life’s dualities and the beauty of change.
Pearls have long been considered symbols of purity, innocence, and wisdom. In some cultures, they represent tears and are associated with mourning, while in others, they symbolize wealth and status. Hindu mythology links pearls to solidified moonbeams, attributing them with luck and passion.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, Alexandrite and Pearls require different care routines. Alexandrite, with a hardness of 8.5 on the Mohs scale, is relatively durable. However, it should still be protected from harsh impacts and extreme temperatures. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Pearls, being much softer (2.5-4.5), are delicate and require gentle handling. Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, as these can damage the nacre. The recommended cleaning method is warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Pearls should also be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching.
Alexandrite and Diamonds: A Modern Pairing
Contemporary jewelry design often combines Alexandrite with diamonds, creating striking and elegant pieces. Diamonds, the April birthstone, complement the color-changing properties of Alexandrite, adding sparkle and brilliance. This pairing is particularly popular in engagement rings and wedding bands, offering a unique and meaningful alternative to traditional diamond-only designs. Combining pearls and diamonds is also a popular choice, creating a timeless and sophisticated aesthetic.
Conclusion
Alexandrite and pearl, the dual birthstones of June, represent a fascinating contrast in the world of gemstones. Alexandrite, a relatively recent discovery, captivates with its color-changing magic, while the pearl, a timeless classic, embodies purity and elegance. Both gems hold a rich history and cultural significance, making them cherished symbols of June birthdays and meaningful additions to any jewelry collection. Their unique properties and enduring appeal ensure their continued popularity for generations to come.