The month of July is uniquely represented by two captivating gemstones: the ruby and the onyx. While ruby is widely recognized as the modern birthstone for July, onyx holds a significant historical connection to the month, maintaining its status as a traditional alternative. Both stones boast rich histories, distinct geological origins, and symbolic meanings, making them compelling choices for those born in July. This article will delve into the history, properties, and significance of both ruby and onyx, exploring their journey from ancient lore to contemporary jewelry.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with origins potentially linked to the twelve gemstones adorning Aaron’s breastplate, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Over centuries, the practice evolved, culminating in the standardization of birthstones in the 20th century. By the 8th and 9th centuries, wearing one stone per month was common, eventually leading to the assignment of a single gemstone to each birth month.
Onyx has a particularly long history as a July birthstone, recognized as such as early as the 15th century. It was prominent in Jewish, Roman, and European traditions, celebrated for its appearance and perceived metaphysical properties. In ancient Rome and Greece, sardonyx, a variety of onyx, was carried into battle, often engraved with images of Mars, the god of war, or Hercules, believed to impart strength and courage. Ancient beliefs also attributed protective qualities to sardonyx, specifically against scorpion bites.
However, in 1912, the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) formalized a standardized list of birthstones, designating ruby as the primary July birthstone in the United States. Despite this change, onyx remains a recognized and favored alternative, particularly for those drawn to its bold aesthetic. Its connection to the zodiac sign Leo, which partially falls within July, further reinforces its symbolic link to the month.
Ruby, derived from the Latin word ruber meaning “red,” has long been associated with love and passion. Ancient Incas used emeralds in religious ceremonies for centuries. Lore suggests that ruby was one of the stones given to Solomon, renowned for his wisdom.
Geological Formation and Sources
The provided sources do not detail the geological formation of either ruby or onyx.
Gemological Properties
The sources primarily focus on the symbolic and historical aspects of these gemstones, offering limited details regarding their gemological properties. Ruby is described as a type of corundum, with a hardness of 7.5-8 out of 10 on the Mohs scale. Emerald, a related gemstone, is also a type of beryl.
Onyx is noted for its striking appearance, a cross between Sard and Onyx, both types of Chalcedony. It often presents as reddish-brown with lighter bands of orange or white, though some varieties exhibit red with minimal brown tones and white bands. Moonstone, another July-associated gem, is a member of the feldspar family and exhibits a unique Schiller effect, causing internal crystals to glow and appear to move, resembling the moon.
The following table summarizes the limited gemological information available from the sources:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Composition | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ruby | 7.5-8 | Corundum | Red color, associated with passion |
| Onyx | N/A | Chalcedony (Sard & Onyx) | Banded reddish-brown and white |
| Moonstone | N/A | Feldspar | Schiller effect, glowing appearance |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both ruby and onyx are imbued with rich symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Ruby is often associated with contentment, passion, and warm energies. It is believed to carry “a bit of the sun,” representing fierce beauty and commemorating passion. Some modern sources suggest that ruby can ward off depression.
Onyx is recognized as a grounding stone believed to absorb negative energy. Historically, it was thought to provide protection and strength, as evidenced by its use by Roman and Greek soldiers. It is also associated with self-confidence, with some believing it connects to the sacral chakra. Moonstone, linked to Hindu mythology, is considered solidified moonbeams.
Care and Cleaning
The sources offer limited guidance on the care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, a general clean, polish, and inspection are recommended as part of routine jewelry maintenance. This inspection should include checking for loose stones, bent prongs, and any damage to the metal or stones. Stone setting repairs may be necessary to address worn or damaged prongs.
Additional July Birthstones
Beyond ruby and onyx, several other gemstones are listed as July birthstones, though with less prominence. These include sardonyx, moonstone, and emerald. Sardonyx, a combination of sard and onyx, was historically significant, while moonstone is known for its ethereal glow. Emerald, a type of beryl, is associated with wisdom and was revered in ancient cultures.
Modern and Traditional Perspectives
The distinction between traditional and modern birthstones reflects evolving preferences and market influences. Traditional birthstones often have historical and cultural roots, while modern selections prioritize transparent gems suitable for contemporary jewelry designs. The standardization of birthstones by the Jewelers of America in 1912 aimed to clarify options and cater to changing consumer tastes. The addition of stones like tourmaline as a modern October birthstone exemplifies this shift.
Conclusion
The dual representation of July by ruby and onyx offers a fascinating glimpse into the evolving history of birthstones. While ruby has emerged as the modern primary birthstone, onyx retains a strong historical connection and continues to be a popular choice. Both gemstones embody unique qualities and symbolic meanings, reflecting the diverse cultural and geological influences that have shaped our understanding of these captivating treasures. Whether celebrating a July birthday or simply appreciating the beauty and lore of gemstones, ruby and onyx provide a rich and enduring legacy.