March is unique among the calendar months in possessing two recognized birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. Both gemstones offer distinct aesthetic qualities and historical significance, making them cherished additions to jewelry and collections. While aquamarine is known for its serene blue hues reminiscent of the sea, bloodstone presents a striking contrast with its dark green base speckled with red inclusions. This article will explore the geological origins, gemological properties, historical lore, and value considerations of these two March birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and prospective buyers.
History and Lore
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, boasts a long and storied history rooted in ancient beliefs. Throughout the centuries, it has been associated with blood and, consequently, with courage, healing, and protection. As noted in historical accounts, the gemstone was believed to possess the power to staunch bleeding, a belief documented by mineralogist George F. Kunz. This association likely stems from the stone’s appearance, with its red spots resembling drops of blood against a green backdrop.
Aquamarine’s history is similarly rich, with its name derived from the Latin words “aqua” (water) and “marina” (sea), aptly describing its color. Ancient mariners believed aquamarine possessed the power to calm the waves and ensure a safe voyage. This connection to the sea has persisted throughout history, and the gemstone continues to symbolize tranquility, clarity, and safe travels. Aquamarine is also traditionally given to celebrate the 19th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, forming in six-sided, expansive crystals that can reach significant sizes, sometimes exceeding one foot in length. This makes it well-suited for cutting and polishing into larger carat statement pieces. Primary sources for aquamarine include Brazil, but deposits are also found in Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Pakistan, and Mozambique.
Bloodstone, conversely, is an opaque variety of chalcedony, a form of quartz, specifically a variety of plasma gemstone. It is characterized by its dark green base color and the presence of red to orange spots caused by iron oxide inclusions. The primary sources for bloodstone are India and Brazil, though it can also be found in other locations.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine and bloodstone differ significantly in their gemological properties. Aquamarine, with a chemical composition of Be3Al2Si6O18, is prized for its clarity and color. A key characteristic is that genuine aquamarine typically exhibits little to no yellow tint, making it ideal for settings with various colored stones and metals. When held in the palm for a minute or more, a real aquamarine will remain cold to the touch. The price of aquamarine remains relatively consistent for stones weighing over one carat. Exceptional aquamarines may exhibit a “cat’s eye” formation when exposed to light, significantly increasing their value, potentially reaching $10,000 per carat.
Bloodstone, being a chalcedony, is opaque and lacks the brilliance of aquamarine. It is easily cut into various shapes, including rounds, ovals, octagons, cabochons, emeralds, and cushions. Bloodstone is also noted for its durability, possessing no cleavage and a tough tenacity, making it suitable for all types of wear. The value of bloodstone is primarily determined by the color and number of its red or dark orange spots, with stones exhibiting a greater number of vivid spots commanding higher prices.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Beryl | Chalcedony (Plasma) |
| Chemical Formula | Be3Al2Si6O18 | SiO2 |
| Color | Blue, greenish-blue | Dark green with red spots |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent | Opaque |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Waxy |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Both aquamarine and bloodstone have accumulated symbolic meanings over time. Aquamarine is often associated with courage, happiness, and eternal youth. Its connection to the sea lends it symbolism of tranquility, clarity, and safe passage.
Bloodstone, due to its historical association with blood, has been linked to courage, strength, and vitality. It was historically believed to have healing properties, particularly in relation to blood disorders. The stone is also considered to promote grounding and protection.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of March birthstone jewelry requires careful attention. For both aquamarine and bloodstone, gentle cleaning is recommended. Jewelry should be wiped with a soft, damp cloth to remove dirt and residue. Harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaning solutions should be avoided, as they can damage the stones or the metal settings. If necessary, a mild soap and water solution can be used, followed by thorough rinsing and patting dry with a clean cloth. To prevent scratching or damage, jewelry should be stored in separate compartments or pouches. Professional cleaning and inspection are recommended annually to ensure longevity and maintain the gemstones’ brilliance. It is also advisable to keep bloodstone away from extremely hot temperatures and harsh chemicals. When drying bloodstone, a soft, clean fabric should be used to prevent scratches.
Value and Market Considerations
Both aquamarine and bloodstone are considered semi-precious gemstones, but their value can vary significantly based on quality and characteristics. Lower to mid-range aquamarine can cost between $5 and $100 per carat, while a mid-range stone exceeding 10 carats may range from $150 to $200. As previously mentioned, exceptional aquamarines with a cat’s eye formation can command prices of $10,000 per carat.
Bloodstone, in its loose form, typically ranges from $20 to $150 per carat. Genuine bloodstone exhibits a gleaming shine and is non-porous in nature. The artistry of the lapidary also contributes to the value of a piece.
When purchasing March birthstone jewelry, it is recommended to examine the stones under natural light to assess their color and clarity. For aquamarine, the absence of a noticeable yellow tint is a desirable characteristic. Considering the “4Cs” – carat, color, clarity, and cut – is crucial when evaluating the overall value of a gemstone. A larger stone with poor color, cut, and clarity will be less valuable than a smaller stone with excellent qualities.
Conclusion
Aquamarine and bloodstone, the birthstones of March, represent a captivating duality. Aquamarine, with its serene blue hues and connection to the sea, embodies tranquility and clarity. Bloodstone, with its striking green and red coloration, symbolizes courage and vitality. Both gemstones possess rich histories, unique gemological properties, and enduring symbolic meanings. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical benefits, aquamarine and bloodstone remain cherished gemstones for those born in March and for all who appreciate their distinctive beauty.