For centuries, gemstones have held a special place in human culture, imbued with symbolism, lore, and aesthetic beauty. The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month of the year, known as birthstones, has evolved significantly over time. While many months are represented by a single gem, several boast multiple options, reflecting historical variations, modern discoveries, and a desire for greater choice. This article explores the months that offer a dual selection of birthstones, delving into the reasons behind these multiple associations and the gems themselves.
A History of Dual Designations
The practice of linking gemstones to specific months dates back to ancient times, though the specific associations have shifted. Originally, the connection was often based on color and availability. As gemology advanced and new stones were discovered, the lists were updated. The National Association of Jewelers formalized a standard list in 1912, but even this wasn’t static. Subsequent decades saw additions to accommodate evolving tastes and ensure broader accessibility. The inclusion of more birthstones for each month provides a wider range of choices, catering to different budgets and preferences. For example, the modern list for December offers blue topaz, blue zircon, and tanzanite, each with a distinct price point.
Months with Two Birthstone Options
Several months now recognize two birthstones, offering individuals a choice beyond the traditional gem. These months include March, June, August, October, November, and December.
March: Aquamarine and Bloodstone
March is represented by both aquamarine and bloodstone. Aquamarine, a variety of beryl, is prized for its serene blue hues, symbolizing calm and clarity. Bloodstone, a dark green chalcedony with red spots, represents courage and strength. These contrasting stones offer a range of aesthetic and symbolic options for those born in March.
June: Pearl, Alexandrite, and Moonstone
June stands out with three birthstones: pearl, alexandrite, and moonstone. Pearl, a classic and timeless gem, has been revered for centuries. Alexandrite, a rare color-changing gem, is highly sought after for its unique properties. Moonstone, known for its ethereal glow, embodies intuition and feminine energy. The inclusion of alexandrite reflects its rarity and allure, while pearl and moonstone provide more accessible alternatives.
August: Peridot and Spinel
August traditionally recognized sardonyx, but the modern list includes peridot and spinel. Peridot, with its vibrant green color, symbolizes prosperity and good fortune. Spinel, available in a wide range of colors, offers a versatile and increasingly popular choice.
October: Opal and Tourmaline
October offers a choice between opal and tourmaline. Opal, known for its play-of-color, is a captivating and unique gem. Tourmaline, available in a spectrum of hues, provides a versatile alternative. The jewelry trade expanded the options for October to accommodate modern preferences and offer greater variety.
November: Golden Topaz and Citrine
November presents a choice between golden topaz and citrine. Golden topaz, with its warm yellow-orange tones, symbolizes joy and abundance. Citrine, another yellow gem, is associated with positivity and energy. The addition of citrine provides a more affordable option alongside the golden topaz.
December: Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, and Tanzanite
December boasts the most extensive list, with blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite. Blue topaz is the most affordable of the three, while blue zircon falls in a moderate price range. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is the most expensive due to its rarity. This range allows individuals to choose a stone that aligns with their budget and preferences.
Factors Influencing Birthstone Selection
Choosing a birthstone is a personal decision, influenced by several factors. One can choose by birth month, adhering to the traditional or modern lists. Color preference also plays a significant role, allowing individuals to select a gem that resonates with their aesthetic sensibilities. The symbolic meanings associated with each stone can also guide the selection process, ensuring the chosen gem complements one’s personality. Some individuals even prefer to align their birthstone with their zodiac sign, rather than strictly adhering to the monthly designations.
Gemological Properties and Hardness
The durability of a birthstone is an important consideration, particularly for jewelry intended for everyday wear. The Mohs scale of hardness measures a gem’s resistance to scratching. Diamond, the April birthstone, tops the scale at 10, making it the hardest and most durable gem. Sapphire and ruby, both with a hardness of 9, are also exceptionally durable. Alexandrite (8.5) and topaz (8) offer good durability, while pearl (2.5) and opal (5.5) are relatively soft and require more careful handling.
The Top 5 Hardest Birthstones
| Birthstone | Mohs Scale |
|---|---|
| Diamond (Apr.) | 10 |
| Sapphire (Sept.) | 9 |
| Ruby (Jul.) | 9 |
| Alexandrite (Jun.) | 8.5 |
| Topaz (Nov.) | 8 |
The Two Weakest Birthstones
| Birthstone | Mohs Scale |
|---|---|
| Pearl (Jun.) | 2.5 |
| Opal (Oct.) | 5.5 |
Beyond Birth Month: Personalizing Your Choice
While birthstones are traditionally linked to the month of one’s birth, it’s important to remember that this is merely a guideline. Individuals are encouraged to choose gemstones that resonate with them personally, regardless of their birth month. Whether it’s a stone’s color, symbolism, or aesthetic appeal, the most meaningful birthstone is the one that holds personal significance.
Conclusion
The world of birthstones is a dynamic and evolving one. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for several months reflects a growing appreciation for choice, accessibility, and the diverse beauty of gemstones. Whether one adheres to tradition or embraces modern additions, the practice of selecting a birthstone remains a deeply personal and meaningful experience. The enduring popularity of birthstones underscores their continued relevance in jewelry and their enduring connection to human culture.