The amethyst is widely recognized as the primary birthstone for February, a richly colored gemstone steeped in history, lore, and symbolic meaning. This purple variety of quartz offers a beautiful contrast to the often cold and dark days of winter. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the amethyst has been valued for centuries for its purported ability to promote clarity, peace of mind, and even protection from intoxication. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this captivating gemstone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of the amethyst stretches back to ancient times, with its name originating from the Ancient Greek word methustos, meaning “intoxicated.” Ancient wearers believed the gemstone could safeguard them from the effects of drunkenness. This belief stemmed from the observation that drinking from amethyst-lined goblets appeared to lessen the intoxicating effects of wine.
Greek mythology further enriches the amethyst’s story. One popular legend recounts the tale of Amethyste, a maiden who, while on her way to worship Artemis, encountered Dionysus, the god of wine. To avoid his unwanted advances, or in some versions, because she rejected his affections, she was transformed into an amethyst crystal.
The standardization of birthstone lists began in 1912 with the National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America), and was later updated in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council of America. The amethyst consistently held its place as the February birthstone through these revisions. A similar list was developed in 1937 by the National Association of Goldsmiths in Britain, largely mirroring the American designations. The gemstone’s association with February is therefore well-established and enduring. It is also the traditional gemstone for the 6th and 33rd wedding anniversaries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amethyst is a variety of quartz, a widely abundant mineral composed of silicon dioxide. Its purple hue arises from irradiation, iron impurities, and the presence of trace elements within the quartz crystal structure. Amethyst can be found in various geological settings, including volcanic rocks and sedimentary environments.
While the sources do not specify particular mining locations, they indicate that amethyst can be found “in every corner of the world.” This suggests a widespread global distribution of amethyst deposits.
Gemological Properties
The sources provide limited specific gemological data. Amethyst is described as a purple quartz, blending shades of violet and red. It is classified as a semi-precious gemstone. The name “granatus” meaning “grain like” is mentioned in relation to garnet, another February birthstone, as it resembles pomegranate blossom. This comparison highlights the visual characteristics of gemstones.
The sources do not provide information on the amethyst’s hardness, refractive index, specific gravity, or other detailed gemological properties.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, the amethyst has been imbued with rich symbolism. It represents royalty, passion, and spirituality. The month of February itself is linked to themes of purification, stemming from the ancient Roman festival of Lupercalia, a time for cleansing and fertility. The amethyst’s symbolism aligns with these ideals.
Modern metaphysical beliefs attribute a range of properties to amethyst. It is believed to bring peace, calmness, and balance, eliminating impatience and anger. Its soothing energy is thought to heal physical, emotional, and spiritual pain, and to foster intellectuality. Amethyst is also considered a protective stone, acting as a barrier against lower energies, geopathic stress, psychic attacks, and unhealthy environments. It is believed to enhance personal space with a healing and protective energy field. For those grieving a loss, amethyst is thought to offer comfort and reassurance, communicating the concept of transition rather than death.
Alternative February Birthstones
While amethyst is the most recognized February birthstone, several alternatives are also associated with the month. These include Jasper, Red Garnet, Jade, and Serpentine. Jasper was historically linked to men’s body parts and was believed to symbolize faithfulness in love. Red Garnet, with its name derived from the Latin word for “pomegranate seed,” was considered a talisman against natural forces and a protector against theft. Jade, particularly the rich emerald-green “Imperial Jade,” is associated with Pisces astrological sign, overlapping with the end of February.
The existence of multiple birthstones for a single month reflects the evolving nature of birthstone traditions and allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for amethyst. However, given that it is a variety of quartz, general quartz care guidelines would apply. Quartz is relatively durable, but should be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Additional February Birthstone Lore
Red Garnet, as a special apostle birthstone, is associated with dates between February 1 and February 29. Historically, in Persia, garnet was believed to signal approaching danger by turning pale. During the Middle Ages, it was thought to protect against theft, bringing misfortune to any thief until the stone was returned. Medicinally, garnets were believed to relieve inflammation, with deeper shades considered more potent. It was also thought to protect against poisoning.
Conclusion
The amethyst stands as a captivating and historically significant birthstone for February. Its rich purple hue, coupled with its ancient origins and enduring symbolism, makes it a cherished gemstone for centuries. From its association with preventing intoxication in ancient Greece to its modern-day metaphysical properties of peace and healing, the amethyst continues to resonate with those born in February, offering a connection to both the past and the present. The availability of alternative birthstones like Jasper, Red Garnet, and Jade further enriches the choices available, allowing individuals to select a gem that truly reflects their personality and beliefs.