December is a month celebrated with festivities and reflection, and for those born within it, the birthstones offer a unique connection to history, beauty, and meaning. Unlike many months associated with a single gem, December boasts three: Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon. Each possesses distinct characteristics, symbolism, and origins, making them versatile and cherished gemstones. These gems, particularly when set in 14K gold, represent timeless elegance and personal significance.
History and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones is rich and varied. Turquoise, arguably the oldest of the three, has been treasured for over 5,000 years by cultures worldwide. Ancient Egyptians and Native Americans held it in high regard, believing it brought strength, wisdom, and protection to those who wore it. It was favored by warriors, travelers, and royalty alike, serving as a talisman against harm.
Tanzanite, in contrast, has a relatively recent history. Discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s, it quickly gained popularity for its captivating violet-blue hues. Its emergence as a birthstone is a modern phenomenon, reflecting its growing appeal in the jewelry world.
Blue Zircon’s historical context is less detailed within the provided sources, but it is recognized as one of the traditional December birthstones alongside Turquoise and Tanzanite.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, typically ranging in color from blue to green, often displaying veins of matrix – remnants of the host rock in which it formed. Historically, the Nishapur district of Iran was a primary source, producing a highly prized, intense blue turquoise often referred to as “robin’s egg blue,” “sky blue,” or “Persian blue.” These terms are now used to describe turquoise of this color regardless of its origin.
While New Mexico was once a leading producer in the United States, Arizona and Nevada currently dominate U.S. turquoise production. Notable mines include Dry Creek, Easter Blue, Emerald Valley, and Fox. The Kingman mine in Arizona is historically significant for its intense blue turquoise. The Sleeping Beauty mine, now closed, was also a prolific producer for over four decades. Currently, China, specifically Hubei Province, is the world’s largest producer of turquoise.
Tanzanite is unique in its geographical origin. It is found exclusively in Tanzania, making it a remarkably rare gemstone. The sources do not detail the specific geological processes involved in its formation, only emphasizing its singular origin.
The sources do not provide specific details regarding the geological formation or primary sources of Blue Zircon.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources offer varying levels of detail regarding the gemological properties of each stone.
Turquoise is described as a semi-translucent to opaque gem with a color range from blue to green, often exhibiting matrix inclusions.
Tanzanite is characterized by its mesmerizing violet-blue hues. It registers between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, indicating it is resistant to normal wear but can be susceptible to scratching and damage from high temperatures or sudden temperature changes. It can be attacked by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. Most tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to enhance its color, a process that results in a permanent color change without compromising its durability.
Blue Topaz, while not explicitly listed as a December birthstone in all sources, is presented as a popular modern choice. It is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine, possessing a glass-like luster and deep cleavage. Its color ranges from dark inky blues (London Blue) to lighter shades (Swiss Blue and Sky Blue). Blue topaz has a chemical formula of Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 and exhibits strong chemical bonding, making it harder than many silicate minerals.
The following table summarizes the available hardness information:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Blue Topaz | Not specified, but harder than most silicate minerals |
| Turquoise | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, serenity, and emotional balance. It is believed to encourage inner calm and spiritual grounding, qualities often attributed to those born in December.
Tanzanite, while newer to the world of gem lore, is often linked to transformation and wisdom. Its vibrant color is thought to inspire creativity and intuition.
The sources do not detail specific symbolism or metaphysical beliefs associated with Blue Zircon.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires specific care based on their properties. Tanzanite, due to its moderate hardness and susceptibility to thermal shock, is best set in earrings or pendants to minimize the risk of damage. It should not be cleaned with ultrasonic or steam cleaners. Warm, soapy water is the recommended cleaning method.
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for Turquoise or Blue Zircon. However, given Turquoise’s potential for matrix inclusions and Blue Topaz’s cleavage, gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap is generally advisable.
Market Value
The cost of December birthstones varies significantly based on quality, rarity, and size. Blue Topaz is the most affordable, ranging from $10 to $100 per carat. Turquoise’s price depends on the quality and the amount of matrix present, typically falling between $1 and $50 per carat. Zircon can range from $50 to $400 per carat, with more vivid blue stones commanding higher prices. Tanzanite is the rarest and most expensive, costing between $200 and $1,000+ per carat.
Multiple Birthstones and Color Associations
The sources acknowledge that December has multiple birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – offering individuals more options based on style, availability, and budget. Blue is the color most strongly associated with December, particularly icy or bright shades.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient protective qualities of Turquoise to the modern elegance of Tanzanite and the versatile appeal of Blue Topaz, these gems offer a meaningful connection to the month of December. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their perceived metaphysical properties, or their historical significance, these stones are treasured for their unique characteristics and enduring charm.