August is unique among the months, possessing not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and onyx. This tradition reflects a complex history of evolving customs, regional variations, and the increasing availability of gemstones over time. From ancient associations with religious significance to modern additions reflecting consumer preferences, the birthstones of August offer a diverse range of colors, symbolism, and captivating histories. This article will explore the origins, characteristics, and significance of each of these gemstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the rich lore surrounding August’s birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of linking gemstones to specific months dates back to ancient times, with early roots found in religious texts. The Breastplate of Aaron, described in the Book of Exodus, featured twelve gemstones representing the tribes of Israel, which were later correlated with the zodiac signs and, eventually, the months of the year. This initial association laid the groundwork for the development of birthstone traditions.
The practice of gifting gemstones corresponding to birth months is believed to have originated in Poland or Germany several centuries ago. Over time, these traditions evolved, resulting in multiple sets of birthstones – ancient, traditional, and modern – reflecting regional differences and changing preferences. Jewelers in North America and Europe often referenced slightly different lists, further contributing to the variety of stones associated with each month.
The modern standardization of birthstones began in the 18th century with Jewish gem traders in Poland, who started associating specific gems with each month. This practice spread throughout Europe and eventually reached the United States. In 1912, the National Association of Jewelers (now Jewelers of America) formalized a standardized list, providing a foundation for the birthstone charts used today. The list was subsequently updated in 1952 by the American Gem Society (AGS), and most recently in 2016 with the addition of spinel as an official August birthstone, alongside peridot and sardonyx.
Peridot: The Olivine Gem
Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, is perhaps the most widely recognized August birthstone. It is a variety of olivine, a mineral composed of iron and magnesium. Historically, peridot was highly valued, and its origins are linked to ancient Egypt, where it was known as the “gem of the sun.” While the sources do not detail specific ancient uses, the association with the sun suggests a symbolic connection to light and vitality.
Today, lab-created cubic zirconia is often used to mimic peridot’s beautiful green hue in more affordable birthstone jewelry. This allows for wider accessibility to the color associated with the month without the cost of natural peridot.
Onyx: Strength and Protection
Onyx, historically the original birthstone for August, represents strength and protection. Its granular structure makes it well-suited for carving into cameos, beads, and cabochons. However, this structure also means it doesn’t exhibit the same brilliance or sparkle as other gemstones, as it tends to absorb light. Onyx is available in a rainbow of colors, including red, green, and black, offering versatility in jewelry design. Green and black onyx are particularly favored in contemporary designs, often cut with delicate facets to create a subtle shimmer.
Spinel: A Recent Addition
Spinel is the newest addition to the August birthstone family, officially recognized in 2016. It has long been favored by gem dealers and collectors for its exceptional brilliance and sparkle. This gem was added to the list to reflect both the availability of the stone and changing consumer preferences.
Gemological Properties
While a comprehensive gemological breakdown for each stone is limited by the provided sources, some key properties can be outlined.
Peridot: The sources do not provide specific chemical formulas or refractive indices for peridot. However, it is known as a variety of olivine.
Onyx: Onyx is characterized by its granular structure, which impacts its light absorption and sparkle. It is available in various colors, including black, red, and green.
Spinel: Spinel is noted for its brilliance and sparkle, making it a desirable gemstone for jewelry. The sources do not provide specific chemical formulas or refractive indices for spinel.
The following table summarizes the available information:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Green | Variety of olivine |
| Onyx | Black, Red, Green | Granular structure, absorbs light |
| Spinel | Various | Brilliance and sparkle |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of August’s birthstones carries its own symbolic weight. Onyx is traditionally associated with strength and protection. Peridot, while not explicitly detailed in the sources regarding symbolism, benefits from its historical association with the sun, potentially representing vitality and light. Spinel, as a more recently recognized birthstone, does not have a long-established tradition of symbolism within the provided materials.
The act of gifting birthstone jewelry itself is imbued with meaning, believed to bring good fortune, protection, and positive energy to the recipient. The choice of which August birthstone to select allows for personalization based on individual preferences and desired symbolism.
Care and Cleaning
The sources offer limited guidance on the specific care and cleaning of each gemstone. However, considering their properties, some general recommendations can be made. Onyx, with its granular structure, may be more susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. Peridot and spinel, being more durable, can likely withstand gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water. It is always advisable to consult a professional jeweler for specific cleaning instructions and to avoid exposing any gemstone to extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals.
Conclusion
The birthstones of August – peridot, spinel, and onyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, tradition, and evolving preferences. From ancient origins linked to religious significance to modern additions reflecting consumer demand, these gemstones offer a diverse range of colors, symbolism, and captivating stories. The addition of spinel in 2016 demonstrates the dynamic nature of birthstone traditions, ensuring that August birthdays are celebrated with a selection of beautiful and meaningful gemstones. The choice between these three stones allows for a personalized expression of individuality and a connection to the rich lore surrounding the month of August.