Peridot, a gem-quality transparent variety of olivine, holds a prominent place as a birthstone for August, alongside spinel and sardonyx. Revered for its distinctive green hues, ranging from olive to lime, peridot boasts a history steeped in ancient lore and a geological origin as fascinating as its appearance. This article delves into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this captivating gemstone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia, with early mining operations centered on Zabargad, a small, desolate island in the Red Sea. The island’s name itself, meaning olivine in Arabic, speaks to the gem’s long-recognized presence. Ancient miners extracted crystals ranging in size from millimeters to several centimeters from fissures in the island’s rock, and even the beaches surrounding the deposits exhibit a greenish tinge due to the abundance of tiny peridot crystals.
Historically, peridot was often mistaken for emeralds, a confusion that persisted for centuries. Over 200 carats of peridot are featured in the Three Holy Kings shrine in Cologne Cathedral, dating back to 1248, originally believed to be emeralds. Romans valued peridot as a protective stone, believing it could ward off terror, enchantment, and melancholy. In the Middle Ages, it served as a charm against the “evil terrors of the night.”
Ancient Hawaiians attributed a unique origin to peridot, believing the stones were the tears of the goddess Pele, brought to the surface by volcanic activity. While few superstitions are specifically associated with peridot, its historical use as a protective amulet demonstrates its enduring cultural significance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is a magnesium-iron silicate mineral, with the green color resulting from the presence of iron. The intensity of the green hue is directly related to the iron content, with brownish tinges indicating a higher concentration.
While Zabargad remains a historically significant source, peridot is now mined in various locations worldwide. These include Norway, Brazil, China, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Australia, Mexico, and the Mogok district of Myanmar (Burma). Notably, the San Carlos Indian reservation in Arizona also yields small peridot stones. Unusually, peridot has even been discovered within meteorites, demonstrating its extraterrestrial origins.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a gem-quality variety of olivine, a mineral composed of magnesium-iron silicates. The color of peridot ranges from olive to lime green, sometimes with a brownish tinge. The presence of iron in the crystal structure is responsible for the green coloration.
A distinctive characteristic of peridot is its appearance under different lighting conditions. Some of the finest stones are known as “evening emeralds” due to their vibrant color in low light.
While specific data regarding hardness, refractive index, or chemical formula are not provided in the available sources, peridot is understood to be a durable gemstone suitable for various jewelry applications.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Traditionally, it symbolized strength and was believed to offer protection against nightmares, evil, and enchantments. Modern metaphysical beliefs attribute various healing and energetic properties to peridot.
According to metaphysical author Melody, peridot aids the wearer through personal cycles, facilitating understanding of life changes and healing bruised egos. It is also believed to magnify the inner aspects of any situation. Judy Hall suggests that peridot possesses refreshing properties, renewing energy and fostering humility in victory. Peridot’s warm, friendly energy is thought to create a protective field around the body and bring good luck, particularly to mothers during childbirth.
Care and Cleaning
Specific care instructions for peridot are not detailed in the provided sources. However, given its composition as a silicate mineral, general gemstone care practices are advisable. These include avoiding harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperature fluctuations. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended to maintain its brilliance.
August Birthstone Options
Peridot is the modern birthstone for August, but it is not the only option. Spinel is also recognized as a modern August birthstone, offering a vibrant range of colors, including red, yellow-orange, blue, and green. Traditionally, sardonyx, a red and white variety of chalcedony, served as the August birthstone. The choice between these three gemstones ultimately depends on personal preference.
Spinel Varieties
Spinel comes in a variety of colors, each with its own industry name. Rubicelle is yellow-orange, almandine is purple, sapphirine is blue, and chlorospinel is green. Red spinel, like carnelian and other blood-colored stones, is often associated with the heart. Spinel is believed to have refreshing properties and can renew one’s energy, helping individuals persevere through challenges and accept victory with humility.
Conclusion
Peridot, the “evening emerald,” stands as a captivating gemstone with a rich history and enduring appeal. From its ancient origins on the Red Sea island of Zabargad to its modern status as an August birthstone, peridot has been valued for its beauty, protective qualities, and symbolic significance. Its vibrant green hues, geological origins, and metaphysical properties continue to fascinate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike. As one of the three options for those born in August, peridot offers a unique and meaningful connection to the natural world and the enduring power of gemstones.