August is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This selection offers a diverse range of colors and histories for those born in the eighth month of the year, and reflects a modern approach to birthstone appreciation. While sardonyx historically held the sole designation for August, peridot was later added, and in 2016, spinel officially joined the ranks, providing a wider choice for gemstone enthusiasts. Each of these gems carries its own distinct symbolism and geological origins, making August a particularly rich month for birthstone lore.
History and Lore
Sardonyx holds the longest history as an August birthstone, with use dating back to ancient civilizations. Ancient Romans frequently employed sardonyx for creating seals and rings, valuing its distinctive banded appearance. The Old Testament also references the stone, noting its inclusion among those carved into the High Priest’s breastplate. Roman soldiers believed wearing sardonyx would bring good fortune and protection during times of war, while both ancient Egypt and Greece incorporated the gem into various accessories, including rings, bracelets, earrings, and lockets.
Peridot’s history is equally compelling, with its origins traced back to ancient Egypt. It is believed to have been a favorite gem of Queen Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. The name “peridot” itself originates from the Arabic word “fadat,” meaning gem, and has Greek roots, signifying “to give plenty.” In Hawaiian culture, peridot is considered the tears of Pele, the volcanic goddess, highlighting a deep connection to the islands’ geological landscape.
Spinel’s historical narrative is particularly intriguing due to a long-standing case of mistaken identity. For centuries, vibrant red spinel crystals were often misidentified as rubies, even appearing in the crown jewels of various nations. Known as “balas ruby” in ancient times, spinel was highly prized by royalty long before it was recognized as a distinct mineral species. It wasn’t until the late 18th century, with advancements in gemological technology, that spinel was definitively classified as a separate mineral from ruby. The American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America officially recognized spinel as an August birthstone in 2016, acknowledging its historical significance and growing popularity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot originates from volcanic rocks found deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is often brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Historically, Egypt was a primary source of peridot, and it remains the national gem of the country. However, significant deposits have also been discovered in Hawaii, Myanmar (Burma), and Vietnam. Vietnamese peridot, discovered in the 1990s, is particularly noted for its varied shades of green, while Burmese peridot is celebrated for its large cuts and rich color.
Sardonyx is a variety of chalcedony, a microcrystalline form of quartz, composed of layers of sard and onyx. This banding creates its distinctive color scheme, ranging from brown or brownish-red sard with white or black bands of onyx. The specific geological conditions for its formation involve silica-rich solutions percolating through rock formations.
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. While found in various locations worldwide, specific sources are known for producing spinels of exceptional quality and color. The sources are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its predominantly natural light green color, though yellow stones are also found. The intensity of the green hue is directly related to the amount of iron ore present within the stone; a higher iron content results in a more distinct and valuable gem. Peridot’s color, clarity, cut, and carat weight are the key factors considered when evaluating its quality. A well-executed cut, often in emerald or oval shapes, enhances the gem’s sparkle and showcases its lush color.
Sardonyx displays a unique color scheme resulting from the banding of sard (brown or brownish-red) and onyx (white or black). This layered structure is a defining characteristic of the gemstone.
Spinel exhibits a wide range of colors, including red, yellow-orange (rubicelle), purple (almandine), blue (sapphirine), and green (chlorospinel). The provided materials do not detail the chemical composition, hardness, or refractive index of any of the three stones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is widely associated with good health, peace, and harmony. It is often referred to as the “gem of compassion,” believed to bring renewal and make “all things new.” It is also thought to promote restful sleep, calm anger, and even alleviate depression. Peridot is traditionally given as a gift to celebrate the 16th wedding anniversary.
Sardonyx symbolizes spirituality, open communication, prosperity, courage, and harmonious relationships – both romantic, platonic, and professional. Its historical association with Roman soldiers suggests a belief in its protective qualities.
Spinel is believed to possess refreshing properties, capable of renewing energy and fostering perseverance. According to author Judy Hall, spinel encourages humility in victory after overcoming challenges. Red spinel, in particular, is often linked to the heart and associated with passion and vitality.
Care and Cleaning
The provided materials offer specific care instructions only for peridot. Maintaining peridot’s brilliance requires understanding its properties. The materials emphasize the importance of considering the Four C’s – Color, Clarity, Cut, and Carat – when selecting a peridot, with a particular focus on the vibrancy of its green hue. High-quality peridot should be eye-clean, free from visible inclusions.
The materials do not provide specific care instructions for spinel or sardonyx.
Conclusion
August’s trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offers a captivating blend of history, symbolism, and geological diversity. From the ancient origins of sardonyx and the regal allure of peridot to the historically misidentified yet increasingly appreciated spinel, each gem holds a unique place in the world of gemstones. The addition of spinel as a modern birthstone reflects a growing appreciation for gemstone variety and a desire to offer choices that resonate with individual preferences. These three gems collectively represent the richness and complexity of August, providing a meaningful and beautiful connection for those born under its summer sun.