December is unique among the calendar months in possessing not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. While blue topaz is a popular modern addition, zircon and turquoise have historically held prominence as the primary gems associated with those born in December. This abundance offers a diverse range of choices in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to individual preferences and reflecting a rich history of cultural significance. These gemstones, celebrated for their metaphysical properties and vibrant colors, have been incorporated into engagement rings, wedding bands, and necklaces for centuries, their use extending back to ancient medieval times.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific assignments have evolved over the centuries. Birthstones were believed to hold unique powers and offer protection to those born under their influence. Turquoise and zircon have long been considered the main birthstones for December, their blue hues mirroring the chill of winter. The practice of wearing birthstones isn’t a recent fashion trend; its roots are deeply embedded in ancient medieval customs. These colored gems were considered blessed, imbued with power when worn as rings or pendants.
The word “topaz” itself is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, historically linking the gem to strength and protection. While blue topaz is now strongly associated with December, topaz occurs in a variety of colors. Turquoise, one of the oldest known birthstones, also boasts a long and storied past, appearing in archaeological finds dating back millennia.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Tanzanite is exceptionally unique, found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and desirability. Blue topaz, while naturally occurring, is relatively rare; most blue stones available on the market are created through heat treatment of colorless topaz. The sources for naturally occurring topaz are varied, though specific locations are not detailed in the provided materials. Turquoise, similarly, has varied sources, though the provided texts do not specify particular mining locations. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is found in a variety of geological settings, but specific source locations are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Each of December’s birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, showcasing exceptional clarity. Topaz, particularly blue topaz, is known for its clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shades, symbolizing calmness, love, and clarity. Tanzanite is highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, a result of heat treatment applied to brownish zoisite. Turquoise, while varying in shade, typically presents in greenish sky-blue hues.
The durability of these stones varies. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale, is relatively susceptible to scratching and can crack if exposed to sudden temperature changes or high heat. It is also vulnerable to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. This makes it best suited for settings in earrings or pendants, rather than rings intended for daily wear, though protective mountings can allow for occasional use in rings. The provided materials do not detail the Mohs hardness of zircon, topaz, or turquoise.
The following table summarizes key properties where information is available:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | 6-7 | Requires heat treatment to achieve color; susceptible to thermal shock |
| Blue Topaz | Sky Blue to London Blue | Not specified | Often heat-treated from colorless topaz |
| Zircon | Rainbow of Colors | Not specified | Known for brilliant fire and clarity |
| Turquoise | Greenish Sky-Blue | Not specified | One of the oldest known birthstones |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Blue topaz is associated with love and fidelity, making it a fitting gift for romantic occasions. Zircon, with its ancient origins, carries a sense of historical and geological significance. Turquoise, as one of the oldest known birthstones, has accumulated a wealth of cultural symbolism over millennia. The provided materials indicate that December birthstones generally reflect brilliance and are believed to bring good fortune and blessings to the wearer. They are thought to connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. For tanzanite, warm, soapy water is the recommended cleaning method. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should be avoided due to the stone’s susceptibility to damage from heat and vibration. The provided materials do not offer specific cleaning instructions for zircon, topaz, or turquoise, but general gemstone care principles – avoiding harsh chemicals and abrasive materials – would apply.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.