Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its vibrant green hues, holds a prominent place as one of the birthstones for August. Alongside spinel and sardonyx, peridot offers a captivating choice for those born in this summer month. Historically significant and imbued with symbolism, peridot has been prized for centuries, from adorning ancient royalty to representing peace and prosperity. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of peridot, providing a comprehensive overview of this fascinating gem.
History and Lore
Peridot boasts a rich history, with evidence of its use dating back millennia. The gem was first found in Egypt, and was highly valued by the ancient Egyptians, even believed to be the tears of the volcanic goddess, Pele, in Hawaiian culture. It is thought to have been a favorite of Queen Cleopatra VII, who adorned herself with peridot jewelry. Some scholars suggest that the “topaz” referenced in ancient texts was, in fact, peridot, due to the similar color and potential for misidentification. George Frederick Kuntz, in his 1913 publication, The Curious Lore of Precious Stones, noted this historical ambiguity, suggesting the name ‘topaz’ was often used for what is now known as peridot.
Throughout history, peridot has been associated with various powers and beliefs. It was referenced several times in the Bible, and was included in the high priest’s breastplate. In more modern times, peridot became a traditional gift for 16th wedding anniversaries, symbolizing enduring love and happiness.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. It is primarily composed of olivine, a magnesium-iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. The intensity of the green color is directly related to the amount of iron present in the stone; more iron results in a more distinct and valuable gem.
Historically, Egypt was a primary source of peridot. However, significant deposits have also been discovered in other locations around the world. Myanmar (Burma) is renowned for producing large peridot crystals with rich color. Vietnam has also become a notable source, offering peridot in a variety of green shades discovered in the 1990s. Additionally, peridot can be found in Hawaii, where it is deeply embedded in the local culture, and in smaller quantities within Pallasite meteorites, though these are typically too small for use in jewelry.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a semi-precious gemstone with distinct gemological characteristics. Its color ranges from yellowish-green to olive green, with the most sought-after stones exhibiting a vibrant lime-green hue. The gem typically displays a vitreous luster, giving it a crystal-like appearance.
While often called the “evening emerald” due to its sparkle in both natural and artificial light, peridot is distinct from emerald in its composition and properties. Peridot has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, making it relatively durable but susceptible to scratching from harder materials.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Color | Yellowish-Green to Olive Green |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with positive attributes such as good health, peace, and harmony. It is popularly known as the “gem of compassion,” believed to foster kindness and understanding. Metaphysical beliefs attribute various healing properties to peridot, including the ability to calm anger, alleviate depression, and promote restful sleep. Some believe it can “make all things new,” offering a sense of renewal and optimism.
According to author Judy Hall, peridot possesses refreshing properties and can renew energy, aiding in perseverance and acceptance of victory with humility. The stone’s vibrant green color is often linked to growth, renewal, and the abundance of nature.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling to avoid scratches. It is advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to harsh chemicals. Cleaning peridot is relatively simple; warm, soapy water and a soft brush are generally sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners, as they may damage the stone. Polishing with a soft cloth will restore its luster.
Conclusion
Peridot, with its captivating green hues and rich history, remains a cherished gemstone. As one of the birthstones for August, it offers a vibrant and meaningful choice for those born under this summer sign. From its ancient origins in Egypt to its modern-day appeal, peridot continues to symbolize prosperity, good health, and compassion. Its unique geological formation and distinct gemological properties contribute to its enduring allure, making it a treasured addition to any jewelry collection.