Raw stone jewelry has gained popularity, offering a unique connection to the earth and the natural beauty of gemstones in their unaltered state. Among these, turquoise stands out as a particularly compelling choice, especially for those born in December, as it is recognized as a traditional birthstone. This article explores the history, geological origins, properties, and care of turquoise, with a focus on its appeal when presented in a raw, natural form.
History and Lore
Turquoise boasts a long and rich history, dating back to ancient times. The name “Turquoise” itself reflects its journey to Europe, originating from the Persian word for the stone as it traveled through Turkey. Its use extends back millennia, with significant sources including Iran, North Africa, Australia, Siberia, and the United States. The stone has been valued for its vibrant blue color, a hue derived from its copper content, though the presence of iron can shift the color towards green.
Historically, turquoise has been considered a “stone of travelers,” believed to offer protection during journeys. Beyond travel, it’s also associated with strengthening friendships, aiding in self-realization, and enhancing inspiration. These beliefs have persisted through the ages, contributing to the stone’s enduring appeal.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a mineral formed from a combination of copper, aluminum, and phosphates. It is not formed in igneous or metamorphic rocks, but rather in arid regions where copper-rich groundwater interacts with aluminum and phosphate-bearing rocks. This process typically occurs in the vicinity of copper deposits, leading to the formation of turquoise within fissures and cavities of the host rock.
The sources of turquoise are diverse and geographically widespread. Historically, Persia (modern-day Iran) was a major source, and remains so today. Other notable sources include North Africa, Australia, Siberia, England, Belgium, France, Poland, Ethiopia, Mexico, Chile, China, and the United States. The turquoise featured in some contemporary jewelry is sourced from India. The appearance of turquoise can vary significantly depending on its origin, with differences in color intensity and the presence of matrix – the web-like patterns formed by surrounding rock material.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise is typically found in opaque form, and is rarely faceted due to its often fractured nature. Raw turquoise stones frequently exhibit inclusions and cracks, which are considered part of the stone’s natural charm. The size of raw turquoise stones used in jewelry can vary, with examples ranging from approximately 7mm to 11.0mm.
While a precise chemical formula isn’t provided in the sources, it is understood to be a hydrated copper aluminum phosphate. The vibrant blue color, the most desirable hue, is directly linked to the copper content. An increase in iron content results in a shift towards a greenish shade. The presence of a matrix, resembling a spiderweb, is a common characteristic and can add to the stone’s unique aesthetic.
Due to its porous nature, turquoise can be susceptible to damage from certain cleaning methods. It is important to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive materials.
Raw Stone Jewelry: Design and Construction
The growing popularity of raw stone jewelry reflects a desire for authenticity and a connection to the natural world. Raw turquoise, in particular, offers a unique aesthetic, showcasing the stone’s natural form and character. Jewelry makers often utilize minimal intervention when working with raw turquoise, drilling small holes to attach fittings and securing them with adhesive. This method preserves the stone’s original shape and texture.
Sliced stones offer an alternative approach, combining a raw stone feel with a polished surface. Geode slices and banded agate are examples of sliced stone options, while trapiche and trapiche-like gems represent rarer choices.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of raw turquoise jewelry. Unlike faceted gems, the rough surfaces of raw stones can make cleaning more challenging. A gentle stream of compressed air is recommended as a first step to remove loose dirt and dust. If further cleaning is needed, the stone can be soaked in warm water with mild soap or detergent, followed by gentle scrubbing with a soft brush.
However, caution is advised when cleaning turquoise, as it is porous and can be damaged by certain methods. Sonic cleaning and steam cleaning are not recommended, particularly for specimens containing druzy (tiny crystals). After cleaning, the jewelry should be thoroughly dried with compressed air or a hair dryer on a cool setting.
Considerations When Purchasing
When purchasing raw turquoise jewelry, it’s important to be aware that natural stones often contain cracks or inclusions. These features are considered part of the stone’s inherent beauty and should not be viewed as defects. However, if such imperfections are a concern, it’s best to refrain from purchasing.
It’s also important to note that the appearance of turquoise can vary depending on lighting conditions. The stone may look different under sunlight, fluorescent lights, or LED lights. Additionally, the display settings on your computer or smartphone can affect the perceived color tone. Therefore, it’s crucial to carefully review the product description and, if possible, view the stone in different lighting conditions before making a purchase.
The sources indicate that some turquoise may undergo treatments such as heating, radiation, or dyeing to enhance its color or appearance. If a certificate of authenticity is not provided, the information regarding treatment is based on the supplier’s information and the jeweler’s judgment. Returns are generally accepted if subsequent authentication reveals undisclosed treatments.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, turquoise is imbued with symbolic meaning. As the birthstone for December, it carries a special significance for those born in that month. The stone is associated with protection, friendship, self-realization, and inspiration. Its historical use as a “stone of travelers” underscores its connection to journeys and safe passage. The belief in its ability to harmonize energies and promote inner balance further enhances its metaphysical value.
Conclusion
Turquoise, particularly in its raw form, offers a captivating blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and metaphysical properties. From its ancient origins to its modern-day appeal, this vibrant blue stone continues to resonate with jewelry enthusiasts and those seeking a deeper connection to the earth. Its unique geological formation, diverse sources, and enduring symbolism make it a truly remarkable gemstone, and a fitting choice for those born under the December sky.