December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but three designated gems: turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon. These stones, each a shade of blue, reflect the cool tones of the winter season and carry with them rich histories, diverse symbolism, and distinct properties. While turquoise holds the longest tradition as a December birthstone, the inclusion of tanzanite and zircon offers a wider range of choices for those born in the final month of the year. This article will explore the origins, properties, meanings, and historical significance of these three captivating gemstones.
Historical Significance & Evolution of December Birthstones
The assignment of birthstones has evolved significantly over time. Originally, birthstones were linked to the twelve signs of the zodiac, with ruby initially designated for December. However, as birthstone lists were standardized, particularly in the late 19th and 20th centuries, the selection for December underwent changes. Tiffany & Co.’s 1870 “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” pamphlet first listed turquoise as a December birthstone. The National Association of Jewellers followed in 1912, initially designating turquoise as the primary stone and lapis lazuli as an alternative. Zircon was added to the list in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council of America, and tanzanite was the most recent addition in 2002. This evolution demonstrates that the concept of birthstones is not fixed, but rather a cultural practice that has adapted over time. The consistent presence of turquoise throughout much of this history suggests its enduring significance as a December birthstone.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Ancient Lore
Turquoise is arguably the most historically significant of the December birthstones. Its use dates back millennia, with evidence of its appreciation found as early as 3000 BCE. Ancient civilizations, including those in Persia, Egypt, and among the Aztecs and Apaches, highly valued turquoise, believing it possessed protective powers. Persians adorned their tombs with turquoise, believing it would safeguard the deceased on their journey to the afterlife. The stone was also associated with heaven, purification, and hope. Tibetan Buddhists incorporate turquoise into malas, or meditation beads, viewing it as a symbol of spirituality and good luck. Beyond its spiritual significance, turquoise was believed to promote health and deflect negativity.
Tanzanite: A Modern Gem of Transformation
In contrast to turquoise’s ancient history, tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. Despite its newcomer status, tanzanite has quickly gained popularity for its striking blue-violet hues. Its rarity – found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania – contributes to its allure. Tanzanite is often associated with transformation and communication. It is believed to facilitate wise and compassionate communication, particularly in resolving relationship conflicts. Often nicknamed the “Stone of Transformation” and “Stone of Magic,” tanzanite is also considered a stone that boosts intuition and spiritual awareness, connecting to the third eye or crown chakra.
Zircon: A Gem of Prosperity and Rebirth
Zircon, particularly blue zircon, completes the trio of December birthstones. While often mistaken for diamonds due to its brilliance, zircon possesses a unique history and symbolism. Historically, zircon was believed to grant good luck, promote restful sleep, and offer protection during medieval times. Today, it symbolizes success, wisdom, and positivity. Greek mythology links zircon to the story of Hyacinth, associating the stone with rebirth. Different colors of zircon carry distinct meanings; white zircon represents purity, while yellow zircon is known as the “Stone of Prosperity.”
Gemological Properties: A Comparison
Each of these December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties. While a detailed analysis requires specialized equipment, some key characteristics can be noted:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Sky blue to greenish-blue | 5-6 | Various locations, including Iran, USA, China, and Egypt |
| Tanzanite | Blue-violet | 6.5-7 | Tanzania (Merelani Hills) |
| Zircon | Blue, golden, red, clear | 6.5-7.5 | Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar |
The Mohs scale of hardness indicates a gemstone’s resistance to scratching. Turquoise, being the softest of the three, requires more careful handling. Tanzanite and zircon, with higher hardness values, are more durable and resistant to abrasion.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The symbolism associated with each December birthstone reflects its history and perceived properties. Turquoise embodies protection, peace, and good fortune. Tanzanite represents transformation, communication, and spiritual awareness. Zircon symbolizes success, wisdom, and rebirth. These symbolic meanings offer December-born individuals a range of options to choose a stone that resonates with their personal beliefs and aspirations. Crystal healers recommend each stone for different purposes: turquoise for treating inflammation and deflecting negativity, tanzanite for promoting wise communication, and zircon for attracting prosperity and good luck.
Choosing the Perfect December Birthstone
The choice of a December birthstone is ultimately a personal one. Those drawn to ancient traditions and protective energies may favor turquoise. Individuals seeking transformation and spiritual insight might gravitate towards tanzanite. Those desiring success and positivity may find zircon to be the perfect fit. The best birthstone is the one that resonates most deeply with the individual, reflecting their personality and aspirations.
December Birthstone Jewelry: A Thoughtful Gift
December birthstone jewelry offers a thoughtful and personalized gift for those born in the final month of the year. Options range from minimalist rings and necklaces to customized pieces incorporating multiple birthstones or the daffodil, the birth flower for December. The vibrant blue hues of these gemstones complement a variety of styles, making them versatile additions to any jewelry collection.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon – represent a fascinating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. Each stone possesses unique historical significance, gemological properties, and symbolic meanings. Whether one seeks the protective energies of turquoise, the transformative power of tanzanite, or the prosperity associated with zircon, these December birthstones offer a beautiful and meaningful way to celebrate a winter birthday. The evolution of the December birthstone list itself highlights the dynamic nature of cultural traditions and the enduring appeal of these captivating gems.