August boasts a trio of birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot is the most traditionally recognized August birthstone, spinel was officially added in 2016, and sardonyx holds a long history as a significant gem for this month. Each stone carries its own unique history, geological origins, and symbolic meanings, reflecting a rich tapestry of cultural beliefs and gemological properties. This article will explore the characteristics of each of these August birthstones, drawing upon historical accounts and gemological information.
A Historical Overview of August Birthstones
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months evolved over time. Early associations stemmed from religious and astrological beliefs, with connections made between the twelve gemstones adorning the Breastplate of Aaron and the months of the year or signs of the zodiac. By the 18th century, the practice of wearing gemstones corresponding to one’s birth month gained traction in Europe, eventually spreading to the United States. The American National Retail Jeweler’s Association standardized a list of monthly birthstones in 1912, and the American Gem Society updated this list in 1952 and again in 2016 with the addition of spinel as an official August birthstone.
Sardonyx, however, has a particularly long history, dating back over 4,000 years to the 2nd Dynasty of Egypt. It was favored for its practical use in seals and signet rings, as hot wax would not adhere to its surface. This stone was also considered to possess healing properties, specifically for bones, by the ancient Egyptians.
Peridot: The Olive-Green Gem
Peridot is the most well-known August birthstone, recognized for its distinctive olive-green hue. The name “peridot” is derived from the early French word “grenate,” meaning “seedy,” due to the gem’s resemblance to pomegranate seeds. Historically, peridot was believed to protect travelers, and ancient sailors used talismans etched with the likeness of the sea god Neptune, believing they would ward off ocean dangers.
Spinel: A Recent Addition with Ancient Roots
Spinel is a more recent addition to the August birthstone family, officially recognized in 2016. The name “spinel” originates from the Latin word “spina,” meaning “thorn,” referencing the gem’s crystal structure. Spinel occurs in a wide range of colors, including intense red, vivid pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. Historically, spinel was often mistaken for ruby or sapphire due to its similar appearance and vibrant colors.
Notable sources of spinel include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly known for producing spinel in arresting colors like hot pink and red. Sri Lanka yields blue, pink, and purple spinel, primarily from the rolling hills of the Central Highlands and river gravels in the Ratnapura District. Northern Vietnam’s Luc Yen region is also a source of spinel in deep red, purple, pink, vivid blue, violet, and violet-blue hues. In 2007, pinkish and orangy-red spinel was discovered in Tanzania. During the Renaissance, spinel was believed to grant eloquence to public speakers and orators and was thought to aid in attracting a spouse or maintaining a happy marriage. It is also a traditional gift for a 22nd wedding anniversary.
Sardonyx: A Stone of Strength and Protection
Sardonyx, an ancient August birthstone, is a banded variety of chalcedony, typically featuring layers of red and white. Its name reflects this composition. It was highly valued in ancient times for creating seals and signet rings, as its surface prevented wax from sticking. Ancient Egyptians believed sardonyx possessed healing powers, particularly for bones. The stone also held significance in the Old Testament, appearing as one of the gems in the High Priest’s breastplate, symbolizing spiritual strength. Roman soldiers wore sardonyx rings engraved with the image of Mars, believing it offered protection in battle. Like spinel, it was also believed to aid in eloquence and attract a spouse. Major producers of sardonyx include India, Brazil, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Madagascar, Uruguay, and the United States.
Gemological Properties
While detailed gemological properties are not extensively provided in the sources, some characteristics can be summarized. Peridot is known for its olive-green color, while spinel exhibits a broader spectrum of hues. Sardonyx is characterized by its banded appearance. The sources do not provide information on hardness, refractive index, or chemical composition for any of these stones.
| Birthstone | Color(s) | Historical Use |
|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Olive-green | Protection during travel, talisman for sailors |
| Spinel | Red, pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, bluish-green | Mistaken for ruby/sapphire, eloquence, attracting a spouse |
| Sardonyx | Banded red and white | Seals, signet rings, healing, protection in battle |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries symbolic meaning. Peridot is not explicitly linked to a specific meaning in the provided sources. Spinel is associated with eloquence, attracting a spouse, and a happy marriage. Sardonyx symbolizes strength, protection, and spiritual life. Ancient Greeks believed amethyst (the February birthstone) guarded against intoxication, and diamonds (the April birthstone) were thought to bring courage. These beliefs highlight the historical tendency to imbue gemstones with specific powers and virtues.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for peridot, spinel, or sardonyx. However, given their varying compositions and potential for damage, general gemstone care guidelines would apply. These include avoiding harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperature changes. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is generally recommended.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, tradition, and gemological diversity. While peridot has long been recognized as the primary August birthstone, the addition of spinel in 2016 and the enduring legacy of sardonyx offer a wider range of choices for those seeking a gemstone with personal significance. Each stone carries its own unique story, reflecting ancient beliefs, cultural practices, and the enduring allure of these beautiful creations of nature.